Optical path converting member, multilayer print circuit board, and device for optical communication

ABSTRACT

A device for optical communication including a multilayer print circuit board in which a conductor circuit, an insulating layer, an optical circuit and an optical path for transmitting an optical signal are formed, and a package substrate having an optical element or an insulating layer and mounted on the multilayer print circuit board. An optical path converting member is disposed at the optical path to transmit an optical signal between the optical element and the optical circuit. The optical path converting member includes a lens and an optical path conversion mirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and a reflection surface. The lens is provided at the entrance surface, the exit surface, or inside of the optical path conversion mirror.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of and claims the benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. §120 from U.S. Ser. No. 11/763,670, filed Jun. 15, 2007,and is related to JP-A 2006-178001 published on Jul. 6, 2006. Thecontents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

1. Field of the Present Invention

The present invention relates to an optical path converting member, amultilayer print circuit board, and a device for optical communication.

2. Discussion of the Background

Recently, optical fibers are widely noticed especially in the field ofcommunications. In particular, in the field of IT (informationtechnology), communication technology using optical fibers isindispensable for building a high-speed network of the Internet.

In network communications such as the Internet, it is proposed to applyoptical communication using optical fibers not only in communications ofbackbone networks, but also in communications between backbone networkand terminal devices (personal computer, mobile unit, gaming machine,and the like), or communications between terminal devices.

As devices for optical communication usable in this kind of terminaldevices of optical transmitting and receiving systems, the presentinventors previously proposed a device for optical communicationcomprising a package substrate in which an optical path for transmittingan optical signal is formed, and an optical element is mounted on oneside, and a substrate for a mother board provided at least with anoptical waveguide (see, for example, JP-A 2004-004427).

On the other hand, when a light emitting element and a light receivingelement are mounted on a circuit board in which an optical waveguide isformed to perform optical transmissions between the light emittingelement and the emitting element, light from the light emitting elementis irradiated to one end of the optical waveguide, and then emit fromthe other end of the optical waveguide to the light receiving element,and for this purpose, there has been proposed a method for reflectingthe light by burying a optical path converting member at such as a prismat a predetermined position (see, for example, JP-A H07-159658).

Furthermore, there has been disclosed a photoelectric circuit board inwhich an optical waveguide film preliminarily provided with a mirror anda lens for optical path conversion is adhered to a substrate (see, forexample, JP-A 2001-166167).

The contents of JP-A 2004-004427, JP-A H07-159658, and JP-A 2001-166167are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An optical path converting member according to a first aspect of thepresent invention comprises: a lens; and an optical path conversionmirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and a reflectionsurface, wherein the lens is provided at at least one position selectedfrom the entrance surface, the exit surface, and inside of the opticalpath conversion mirror.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, thelens and the optical path converting member are formed integrally, andalso desirably, a metal deposition layer is formed on the reflectionsurface.

Moreover, desirably, a flange member is disposed at the optical pathconverting member.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, amaterial for the lens is an optical glass or a resin for optical lens,and the transmittance for light having a communication wavelength of thelens and the optical path conversion mirror is desirably about 60%/mm ormore.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably,particles are mixed in the lens and the optical path conversion mirror,and the diameter of the particles is desirably shorter than acommunication wavelength, or at least about 0.01 μm and at most about0.8 μm, and also the content of the particles is desirably at leastabout 5% by weight and at most about 60% by weight.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, arefractive index of the lens and a refractive index of the optical pathconversion mirror are almost the same.

An optical path converting member according to a second aspect of thepresent invention comprises: a lens; and an optical path conversionmirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and a reflectionsurface, wherein the lens is provided at at least one position selectedfrom the entrance surface, the exit surface, and inside of the opticalpath conversion mirror, and the lens has one concave surface or oneconvex surface.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror has a rectangular pillar shape comprisinga top surface and a bottom surface each having a trapezoidal shape, aside surface functioning as an entrance surface, a side surfacefunctioning as an exit surface, and a side surface functioning as areflection surface, the lens desirably has a convex surface and isdirectly provided at either the entrance surface or the exit surface,and the respective exit surface or the entrance surface where the lensis not provided has a flat surface, and the angle formed by the entrancesurface and the reflection surface, or the exit surface and thereflection surface is desirably about 45 degrees, and furthermore, theoptical path converting member is desirably supported by a plate-likeflange member.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, thelens has a convex surface and is directly provided at both the entrancesurface and the exit surface, and the optical path converting member isdesirably supported by a plate-like flange member.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror has a pillar shape comprising a topsurface and a bottom surface each having a shape formed by combiningthree straight lines and one curved line, a flat side surfacefunctioning as an entrance surface, a flat side surface functioning asan exit surface, and a convex curved side surface functioning as areflection surface, and desirably, the lens has a convex surface and isdirectly provided at either the entrance surface or the exit surface.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror has a heptagonal pillar shape with thetop surface and the bottom surface having a heptagonal shape, formed byattaching two rectangular pillars to a right triangular pillar so as toshare the two side surfaces forming a right angle of the righttriangular pillar, a side surface of each of the two rectangular pillarsfacing the surface attached to the triangular pillar functions as anentrance surface or an exit surface, and the side surface of thetriangular pillar not shared with the rectangular pillars functions as areflection surface, and the angle formed by the entrance surface and thereflection surface, or said exit surface and the reflection surface isabout 45 degrees.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror has a triangular pillar shape comprisinga side surface functioning as an entrance surface, a side surfacefunctioning as an exit surface, and a side surface functioning as areflection surface, and the lens has a shape formed by combining apillar body and a convex body, and is directly provided at the entrancesurface or the exit surface.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror has a triangular pillar shape comprisinga side surface functioning as an entrance surface, a side surfacefunctioning as an exit surface, and a side surface functioning as areflection surface, and the lens has one flat surface and the otherconcave surface, and is directly provided at the entrance surface or theexit surface.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member, desirably, theoptical path conversion mirror comprises a first optical path member anda second optical path member, the first optical path member has arectangular pillar shape comprising a top surface and a bottom surfacehaving a trapezoidal shape, a side surface functioning as an entrancesurface, a side surface functioning as an exit surface, and a sidesurface functioning as a reflection surface, the lens has a convexsurface and is directly disposed at either the entrance surface or theexit surface, and the respective exit surface or the entrance surfacewhere the lens is not provided has a flat surface, the angle formed bythe entrance surface and the reflection surface, or the exit surface andthe reflection surface is about 45 degrees, the second optical pathmember has a form in which a convex lens is provided at one surface ofthe rectangular pillar body, and the first optical path member and thesecond optical path member are integrated by interposing an adhesivelayer in a manner that the lenses face to one another.

A multilayer print circuit board according to the present inventioncomprises: at least a conductor circuit and an insulating layer whichare formed and laminated; an optical circuit and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal; and an optical path converting memberdisposed at the optical path for transmitting an optical signal, whereinthe optical path converting member comprises a lens and an optical pathconversion mirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and areflection surface, and the lens is provided at at least one positionselected from the entrance surface, the exit surface, and inside of theoptical path conversion mirror.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, desirably, thelens and the optical path conversion mirror are formed integrally, and ametal deposition layer is desirably formed on the reflection surface,and a flange member is desirably disposed at the optical path convertingmember.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, desirably, theoptical path converting member comprises a glass material, and a ratioof a refractive index of the optical path converting member and arefractive index of the adhesive is at least about 1.10 and at mostabout 1.35, or desirably, the optical path converting member comprises aresin material, and a ratio of a refractive index of the optical pathconverting member and a refractive index of the adhesive is at leastabout 1.10 and at most about 1.18.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, the transmittancefor light having a communication wavelength of the lens and the opticalpath conversion mirror is desirably about 60%/mm or more, and particlesare desirably mixed in the lens and the optical path conversion mirror.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, the diameter ofthe particles is desirably shorter than a communication wavelength, orat least about 0.01 μm and at most about 0.8 μm, and the content of theparticles is desirably at least about 5% by weight and at most about 60%by weight, and a refractive index of the lens and a refractive index ofthe optical path conversion mirror are desirably almost the same.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, the optical pathconverting member is desirably fixed to the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal with an adhesive, and the adhesivedesirably contains a resin having a thermosetting property and aphotosensitivity as a resin composition, and particles are desirablymixed in the adhesive.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, a particlediameter of the particles is desirably shorter than a communicationwavelength, or at least about 0.2 μm and at most about 50 μm, and thecontent of the particles is desirably at least about 10% by weight andat most about 50% by weight, and also desirably a coupling agent isapplied or a plasma treatment is performed on the surface of the opticalpath converting member.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, in the opticalpath converting member, desirably, the lens is provided at either theentrance surface or the exit surface, on the side opposite to the sidefacing the optical circuit, and an optical path member having anotherlens provided so as to face the lens is provided, and also desirably, inthe optical path converting member, the lens is provided at either theentrance surface or the exit surface, on the side facing the opticalcircuit.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, the optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal may be formed so as to penetratethrough the whole multilayer print circuit board, or may be formed so asnot to penetrate the multilayer print circuit board.

In the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board, the optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal desirably has a collective throughhole structure or an individual through hole structure, and the opticalcircuit is desirably an optical waveguide or an optical fiber sheet.

A device for optical communication according to the present inventioncomprises: a multilayer print circuit board in which at least aconductor circuit and an insulating layer are formed and laminated, andfurther an optical circuit and an optical path for transmitting anoptical signal are formed; and a package substrate having an opticalelement or an insulating layer, which is mounted on the multilayer printcircuit board, wherein an optical path converting member is disposed atthe optical path for transmitting an optical signal so as to transmit anoptical signal between the optical element and the optical circuit, theoptical path converting member comprises a lens and an optical pathconversion mirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and areflection surface, and the lens is provided at at least one positionselected from the entrance surface, the exit surface, and inside of theoptical path conversion mirror.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, the lens andthe optical path conversion mirror are desirably formed integrally, anda metal deposition layer is desirably formed on the reflection surface,and a flange member is desirably disposed at the optical path convertingmember.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, desirably, theoptical path converting member comprises a glass material, and a ratioof a refractive index of the optical path converting member and arefractive index of the adhesive is at least about 1.10 and at mostabout 1.35, or desirably, the optical path converting member comprises aresin material, and a ratio of a refractive index of the optical pathconverting member and a refractive index of the adhesive is at leastabout 1.10 and at most about 1.18.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, thetransmittance for light having a communication wavelength of the lensand the optical path conversion mirror is desirably about 60%/mm ormore, and particles are desirably mixed in the lens and the optical pathconversion mirror.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, the diameter ofthe particles is desirably shorter than a communication wavelength, orat least about 0.01 μm and at most about 0.8 μm, and the content of theparticles is desirably at least about 5% by weight and at most about 60%by weight, and a refractive index of the lens and a refractive index ofthe optical path conversion mirror are desirably almost the same.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, the opticalpath converting member is desirably fixed to the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal with an adhesive, and the adhesivedesirably contains a resin having a thermosetting property and aphotosensitivity as a resin composition.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, particles aredesirably mixed in the adhesive, and a particle diameter of theparticles is desirably shorter than a communication wavelength, or atleast about 0.2 μm and at most about 50 μm, and the content of theparticles is desirably at least about 10% by weight and at most about50% by weight.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, desirably, acoupling agent is applied or a plasma treatment is performed on thesurface of the optical path converting member, and in the optical pathconverting member, desirably, the lens is provided at either theentrance surface or the exit surface, on a side different from the sidefacing the optical circuit, and an optical path member having anotherlens disposed so as to face the lens is provided.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, desirably, inthe optical path converting member, the lens is provided at either theentrance surface or the exit surface, on the side facing the opticalcircuit.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal may be formed so as to penetratethrough the whole multilayer print circuit board, or may be formed so asnot to penetrate the multilayer print circuit board.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal desirably has a collectivethrough hole structure or an individual through hole structure, and theoptical circuit is desirably an optical waveguide or an optical fibersheet.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, desirably, theoptical path converting member is fixed to the optical element, asub-mount substrate mounting the optical element, or a package substratemounting the optical element.

In the above-mentioned device for optical communication, desirably, theoptical path member is fixed to the optical element, a sub-mountsubstrate mounting the optical element, or a package substrate mountingthe optical element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 1A-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 1A-1.

FIG. 1B-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 1B-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 1B-1.

FIG. 1C-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 1C-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 1C-1.

FIG. 2D-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 2D-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 2D-1.

FIG. 2E-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 2E-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 2E-1.

FIG. 3F-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 3F-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 3F-1.

FIG. 3G-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 3G-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 3G-1.

FIG. 4H-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 4H-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 4H-1.

FIG. 4I-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 4I-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 4I-1.

FIG. 5J-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathconverting member according to one embodiment of the present invention,and FIG. 5J-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path convertingmember shown in FIG. 5J-1.

FIG. 6A-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathmember according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.6A-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path member shown in FIG.6A-1.

FIG. 6B-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathmember according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.6B-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path member shown in FIG.6B-1.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of amultilayer print circuit board (device for optical communication)according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of amultilayer print circuit board (device for optical communication)according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example ofthe device for optical communication according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example ofthe device for optical communication according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11A is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing oneexample of the device for optical communication according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11B is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing oneexample of the device for optical communication according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 12A to 12E are cross sectional views schematically showing a partof a method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit board accordingto one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 13A to 13D are cross sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 14A to 14C are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 15A to 15C are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 16A and 16B are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 17A and 17B are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 19A to 19C are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 20A and 20B are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 21A and 21B are cross-sectional views schematically showing a partof the method for manufacturing a multilayer print circuit boardaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

An optical path converting member according to embodiments of a firstaspect of the present invention comprises: a lens; and an optical pathconversion mirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and areflection surface, wherein the lens is provided at at least oneposition selected from the entrance surface, the exit surface, andinside of the optical path conversion mirror.

An optical path converting member according to embodiments of a secondaspect of the present invention comprises: a lens; and an optical pathconversion mirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and areflection surface, wherein the lens is provided at at least oneposition selected from the entrance surface, the exit surface, andinside of the optical path conversion mirror, and the lens has oneconcave surface or one convex surface.

The above-mentioned optical path converting member according to theembodiments of the second aspect of the present invention belongs to anarrower concept of the optical path converting member according to theembodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, and therefore,in the following descriptions, the optical path converting members ofthe first and the second aspects of the present invention will not bedifferentiated, and both members will be described as the embodiments ofthe optical path converting member of the present invention.

The optical path converting member according to the embodiment of thepresent invention comprises: a lens; and an optical path conversionmirror having an entrance surface, an exit surface and a reflectionsurface, wherein the lens is provided at at least one position selectedfrom the entrance surface, the exit surface, and inside of the opticalpath conversion mirror.

The lens may be provided at the optical path conversion mirror byinterposing an adhesive or the like, but more desirably the lens isprovided in such a manner that the lens and the mirror are formedintegrally.

When the lens and the optical path conversion mirror are formedintegrally, the relative positional precision of the lens and the mirroris enhanced, and when the optical path converting member according tothe embodiment of the present invention is used in the device foroptical communication, the connection loss of the lens and the opticalpath conversion mirror may be extremely lowered more easily, and theoptical signal transmission loss in the entire device for opticalcommunication may be more easily decreased.

The multilayer print circuit board according to the embodiment of thepresent invention comprises: at least a conductor circuit and aninsulating layer which are formed and laminated; an optical circuit andan optical path for transmitting an optical signal; and an optical pathconverting member disposed at the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal, wherein the optical path converting member comprises alens and an optical path conversion mirror having an entrance surface,an exit surface and a reflection surface, and the lens is provided at atleast one position selected from the entrance surface, the exit surface,and inside of the optical path conversion mirror.

In the present invention, since the optical path converting memberaccording to the embodiment of the present invention is disposed in theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal which forms themultilayer print circuit board, an optical signal may be more easilyconcentrated by a lens formed in the optical path converting member, andtherefore the optical signal can be more easily transmitted securely byway of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal.

The device for optical communication according to the embodiments of thepresent invention comprises: a multilayer print circuit board in whichat least a conductor circuit and an insulating layer are formed andlaminated, and further an optical circuit and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal are formed; and a package substratehaving an optical element or an insulating layer, which is mounted onthe multilayer print circuit board, wherein an optical path convertingmember is disposed at the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal so as to transmit an optical signal between the optical elementand the optical circuit, the optical path converting member comprises alens and an optical path conversion mirror having an entrance surface,an exit surface and a reflection surface, and the lens is provided at atleast one position selected from the entrance surface, the exit surface,and inside of the optical path conversion mirror.

That is, in the device for optical communication according to theembodiments of the present invention, an optical element or a packagesubstrate mounting an optical element (hereinafter also referred to asoptical element mounting package substrate and the like) is mounted onthe above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board according to theembodiment of the present invention.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiments ofthe present invention, since the optical path converting memberaccording to the embodiment of the present invention is disposed in theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal which forms themultilayer print circuit board according to the embodiments, the opticalsignal tends to be transmitted securely between optical elements throughthe optical path for transmitting an optical signal.

Moreover, since the optical path converting member according to theembodiment of the present invention is provided, transmission lossbetween the optical element and the optical waveguide may be more easilyreduced, and the decrement portion of transmission loss can be consumedby the portion of transmission loss of other members forming the devicefor optical communication, thus freedom of design is improved.Therefore, for example, it becomes possible to shorten the total lengthof the optical waveguide, to extend the service life of the lightemitting device by lowering the output of the light emitting device, andto use a light receiving device with low sensitivity more easily.

The feature is briefly described in the following.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiments, inthe case where the device for optical communication has a structure inwhich an optical element mounting package substrate or the like ismounted on the surface of a substrate; an optical circuit is provided;and an optical signal is transmitted between the two members by way ofan optical path for transmitting an optical signal, usually, a mirrorfor about 90-degree optical path conversion needs to be formed at an endof the optical circuit. Moreover, when an optical waveguide having acore of about 50 μm square is used as the optical circuit, in order toirradiate the optical signal into the core at a low loss, usually, theoptical signal needs to be entered through a lens.

Here, a transmission loss in the device for optical communication isexamined. If the lens and the optical circuit are formed separately inthe manufacturing process of the device for optical communication, adeviation of tens of microns from the designed distance between the lensand the optical waveguide could not be avid could not be avoided betweenthe lens and the optical waveguide.

Specifically, when forming an optical waveguide having a core of atleast about 50 μm and at most about 75 μm square, and a lens, an averagedeviation from the design of about 15 μm could not be avoided, and hencethe transmission loss increases by about 4 dB from the design value.

On the other hand, in 2.5 Gbps transmittance from the light emittingdevice to the light receiving device in the device for opticalcommunication, in order to realize a bit error rate (BER) of 1×10⁻¹²,that is, error free by an error correcting code technique, it isgenerally said that the transmission loss in the entire device foroptical communication is required to be 18 dB or less.

In a backplane board or the like, when transmitting an optical signal ina relatively long distance of about 50 cm to about 1 m, the transmissionloss in the lens or the optical path conversion mirror needs to befurther reduced, and also in optical signal transmission in a shorterdistance, a smaller transmission loss is more desirable from theviewpoint of assuring a sufficient reliability margin.

Therefore, in the device for optical communication, deviation betweenthe lens and the optical waveguide from the design has a serious effecton the loss of the entire device for optical communication. It is henceimportant to reduce the deviation between the lens and the opticalwaveguide from the design, and in the device for optical communicationof the present invention mentioned above, the problem may be more easilysolved by decreasing the deviation between the lens and the opticalwaveguide, and the above-mentioned effects may be more easily enjoyed.

First, an optical path converting member according to embodiments of thepresent invention is described.

In the optical path converting member according to the embodiment of thepresent invention, a lens is provided at at least one position of theentrance surface, the exit surface and inside of the optical pathconversion mirror, and therefore, displacement between the lens and theoptical path conversion mirror tends not to occur, and upon transmittingan optical signal via the optical path conversion member, transmissionloss in the optical path converting member may be more easily reduced.

A material of the lens is not particularly limited, and examples thereofinclude optical glass, resin for optical lens, and the like. Specificexamples of the resin for optical lens include a material similar to apolymer material explained later as a resin composition to be filled inthe optical path for transmitting an optical signal in the multilayerprint circuit board according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin.

The adhesive is not particularly limited, and an adhesive such as anepoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin and the like may beused.

Examples of the shape of the lens include, for example, a convex lenshaving a convex surface on one side only. The shape of the lens is notlimited to the convex lens, and includes any shape capable of condensingthe optical signal in any desired direction.

Other examples of the lens include a spherical lens, a diffractiongrating lens, flat lenses such as a refractive index distribution lens,a Fresnel lens, a concave lens, and the like.

In particular, when the diffraction grating lens or Fresnel lens isused, the thickness of the lens may be more easily reduced.

Shapes of the lens in a plan view are divided into a shape with nocorners such as a round shape and an elliptical shape, and a shape witha corner such as a triangular shape and a rectangular shape. Here, ashape with no corners in which a segment corresponding to a cornerportion is formed by a curved line (so called a shape with a chamferedcorner) should be included in the shape with a corner, if most partthereof is very similar to the shape with a corner.

In the lens and the optical path conversion mirror, the transmittancefor light having a communication wavelength is desirably about 60%/mm ormore.

If the transmittance for light having a communication wavelength isabout 60%/mm or more, loss of an optical signal tends not to be toolarge, and transmission property of the optical signal tends not to belowered, and more desirably the transmittance is about 90%/mm or more.

In the present specification, a transmittance for light having acommunication wavelength is defined as transmittance for light having acommunication wavelength per a length of 1 mm. Specifically, thetransmittance is the value calculated in the following formula (1) when,for example, light of intensity I₁ enters the lens, exits the lens afterpassing through 1 mm with the intensity of the exit light of I₂, and thetransmittance is calculated in the following formula (1).Transmittance (%/mm)=(I ₂ /I ₁)×100  (1)

Here, the transmittance is measured at a temperature of 25° C.

The lens may contain particles such as resin particles, inorganicparticles, and metal particles.

By containing particles, the strength of the lens is improved, and theshape tends to be maintained more securely. As mentioned below, when theoptical path converting member according to the embodiment of thepresent invention is disposed in the multilayer print circuit board orthe device for optical communication, a coefficient of thermal expansionbetween the substrate and the insulating layer may be more easilymatched, and occurrence of cracks or the like due to difference in thecoefficient of thermal expansion may be more easily reduced.

In the case where the above-described lens includes particles, desirablythe refractive index of the resin component of the lens and therefractive index of the above-described particles are almost the same.Therefore, it is desirable for the particles included in the lens to bea mixture of particles of two or more kinds having different indexes ofrefraction so that the refractive index of the particles becomes almostthe same as the refractive index of the resin component.

Specifically, in the case where the resin component is an epoxy resinhaving an refractive index of 1.53, for example, it is desirable for theparticles included in the lens to be particles which are obtained bymixing and melting silica particles having an refractive index of 1.46and titania particles having an refractive index of 2.65.

Here, as for the method for mixing particles, a method for kneadingparticles and a method for melting and mixing two or more kinds ofparticles and after that, converting the mixture into particle form, andthe like can be cited.

Here, the same kinds of particles as those mixed in the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal can be cited as concrete examples of theabove-described particles.

Concrete examples of the particles include inorganic particles, resinparticles, metal particles and the like.

As for the inorganic particles, particles comprising aluminum compoundssuch as alumina and aluminum hydroxide, calcium compounds such ascalcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, potassium compounds such aspotassium carbonate, magnesium compounds such as magnesia, dolomite,basic magnesium carbonate and talc, silicon compounds such as silica andzeolite, titanium compounds such as titania and the like can be cited asexamples. In addition, particles having a mixed component where at leasttwo kinds of inorganic materials are mixed and melted together may beused.

Examples of the resin particles include particles made of, for example,a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, and the like, and concreteexamples thereof include particles made of an amino resin (such as amelamine resin, a urea resin and a guanamine resin), an epoxy resin, aphenolic resin, a phenoxy resin, a polyimide resin, a polyphenyleneresin, a polyolefin resin, a fluorine resin, a bismaleimide-triazineresin and the like.

Examples of the metal particles include gold, silver, copper, tin, zinc,a stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, iron, lead and the like. It isdesirable for the surface layer of the metal particles to be coated witha resin or the like in order to secure insulating properties.

In addition, these particles may be solely used or two or more kinds maybe used together.

The particle size of the particles is not particularly limited, but thedesirable upper limit is about 0.8 μm, and the desirable lower limit isabout 0.01 μm.

This is because, within this range, the particle size is usually shorterthan a commonly used multi-mode optical waveguide (850 nm), and thustransmission of an optical signal tends not to be impeded.

More desirably, the lower limit of the particle size is about 0.1 μm.

The lower limit of the content of particles contained in the lens isdesirably about 5% by weight, or more desirably about 10% by weight. Onthe other hand, the upper limit of content of particles is desirablyabout 60% by weight, or more desirably about 50% by weight. If thecontent of particles is about 5% by weight or more, the effect ofblending particles is more easily obtained, and if the content ofparticles is 60% by weight or less, transmission of an optical signal isless likely to be impeded.

The refractive index of the lens is not particularly limited, and isdesirably almost the same as the refractive index of the optical pathconversion mirror, and is usually at least about 1.4 and at most about1.6 may be used.

When the refractive index of the lens and the refractive index of theoptical path conversion mirror are almost the same, transmission lossdue to reflection tends not to occur at the interface of the lens andthe optical path conversion mirror.

The optical path conversion mirror is not particularly limited as longas it includes the entrance surface, the exit surface and the reflectionsurface, and the angle of the light converted at this optical pathconversion mirror is not particularly limited. Therefore, the angleformed by the entrance surface and the reflection surface, and the angleformed by the exit surface and the reflection surface may be any angle.

The reflection surface may be either a flat surface or a curved surface.

With regard to a material of the optical path conversion mirror, forexample, those which are the same as the materials of the lens may beexemplified. Besides, particles may also be contained in the opticalpath conversion mirror.

Moreover, it is desirable that the material of the lens and the materialof the optical path conversion mirror be the same.

When the materials of the lens and the optical path conversion mirrorare the same, since both of the members have the same refractive index,the transmission loss may be more easily suppressed as mentioned above,and furthermore, since the coefficients of thermal expansion are thesame, deformation and the like may be less likely to occur.

In the optical path conversion mirror, the reflection surface may becoated with a metal deposition film, or may contact with air.

Desirably, the optical path conversion mirror is provided with a flangemember. In the case where a flange member is provided, upon installingthe optical path conversion member in the device for opticalcommunication, the installation may be carried out more easily, and alsopositional deviation after the installation becomes less likely tooccur.

The shape of the flange member will be described later.

The shape of the optical path converting member of the present inventionis described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIGS. 1A-1, 1B-1, 1C-1, 2D-1, 2E-1, 3F-1, 3G-1, 4H-1, 4I-1 and 5J-1are perspective views and sectional views each schematically showing oneexample of the optical path converting member according to oneembodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 1A-2, 1 b-2, 1C-2, 2D-2,2E-2, 3F-2, 3G-2, 4H-2, 4I-2 and 5J-2 are cross-sectional views eachschematically showing one example of the optical path converting memberaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

An optical path converting member 500 shown in FIGS. 1A-1 and 1A-2comprises an optical path conversion mirror having a rectangular pillarshape with a top surface and a bottom surface each having a trapezoidalshape, a side face functioning as an entrance surface 502, a side facefunctioning as an exit surface 503 and a side face functioning as areflection surface 504; and a lens 501 having a flat surface on one sideand a convex surface on the other side, and in the optical pathconverting member 500, four pieces of the lens 501 are directly providedon the reflection surface 504. Moreover, the angle formed by theentrance surface 502 and the reflection surface 504, and the angleformed by the exit surface 503 and the reflection surface 504 are bothabout 45 degrees.

Here, FIG. 1A-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line A-A′ shown in FIG. 1A-1.

An optical path converting member 510 shown in FIGS. 1B-1 and 1B-2 hasthe same structure as optical path converting member 500, except thatthe positions of lenses 515 are different.

That is, in the optical path converting member 510, four pieces of thelens 515 are directly provided on an exit surface 513, instead of anentrance surface 512.

Here, FIG. 1B-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line B-B′ shown in FIG. 1B-1.

An optical path converting member 520 shown in FIGS. 1C-1 and 1C-2 hasthe same structure as the optical path converting member 500, exceptthat the positions of lenses are different.

That is, in the optical path converting member 520, four pieces of thelens 521 are directly provided on the entrance surface 512, and anotherfour pieces of the lens 525 are also directly provided on the exitsurface 523.

Here, FIG. 1C-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line C-C′ shown in FIG. 1C-1.

In the embodiments of the optical path converting member having lensesprovided at positions shown in FIGS. 1A-1, 1A-2, 1B-1, 1B-2, 1C-1 and1C-2, the bottom shape of the optical path conversion mirror is notlimited to the shape shown in the figures, and may be formed, forexample, in a pentagonal shape as shown in FIGS. 3G-1 and 3G-2 describedbelow.

An optical path converting member 530 shown in FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2 hasalmost the same structure as the optical path converting member 500,except that the shape of a reflection surface 534 is different.

That is, the optical path converting member 530 has, instead of a flatreflection surface, a reflection surface 534 having an outward convexcurve and having an arc-shaped cross section.

In other words, the optical path conversion mirror 530 has a pillarshape and comprises a top surface and a bottom surface each having ashape formed by combining three straight lines and one curved line, aflat side surface 532 functioning as an entrance surface, a flat sidesurface 533 functioning as an exit surface, and a convex curved sidesurface 534 functioning as a reflection surface.

FIG. 2D-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line D-D′ shown in FIG. 2D-1.

Here, the reflection surface may be formed by a combination of a curvedsurface and a flat surface.

Moreover, lenses may be provided at the entrance surface or may beprovided at both the entrance surface and the exit surface.

An optical path converting member 540 shown in FIGS. 2E-1 and 2E-2comprises: an optical path conversion mirror having a heptagonal pillarshape with a heptagonal bottom surface formed by combining a triangularpillar having a right triangular bottom surface, and two rectangularpillars each attached to one of the two side surfaces forming the rightangle of the triangular pillar, and having a side surface functioning asan entrance surface 542, a side surface functioning as an exit surface543 and a side surface functioning as reflection surface 544; and a lens541 and a lens 545, each having a flat surface on one side and a convexsurface on the other side, and in the optical path converting member540, four pieces of the lens 541 and four pieces of the lens 545 aredirectly provided on the entrance surface 542 and the exit surface 543,respectively. The angle formed by the entrance surface 542 and thereflection surface 544, and the angle formed by the exit surface 543 andthe reflection surface 544 are both about 45 degrees.

Here, FIG. 2E-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line E-E′ shown in FIG. 2E-1.

Having such shape, by adjusting the distance between the reflectionsurface and the lenses, the focal length may be adjusted more easily.

In an optical path converting member 550 shown in FIGS. 3F-1 and 3F-2,the shapes of the lenses and the optical path conversion mirror are thesame as those in FIGS. 2C-1 and 2C-2, and further a plate-like flangemember 556 is disposed at a lower part of the reflection surface 554 byway of a mounting member 556 a.

When such a flange member 556 is provided, the optical path convertingmember according to the embodiment of the present invention may be moreeasily mounted on a device for optical communication and the like.

Here, FIG. 3F-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line F-F′ shown in FIG. 3F-1.

An optical path converting member 560 shown in FIGS. 3G-1 and 3G-2comprises: an optical path conversion mirror having a pentagonal pillarshape with a side face functioning as an entrance surface 562, a sideface functioning as an exit surface 563 and a side face functioning as areflection surface 564; and a lens 565 having a flat surface on one sideand a convex surface on the other side, and in the optical pathconverting member 560, four pieces of the lens 565 are directly providedon the exit surface 563. Moreover, at the plane between the reflectionsurface 564 and the exit surface 563, a plate-like flange member 566 isdisposed by way of a mounting member 566 a. This flange member 566 has athrough hole 567 for inserting a guide pin (not shown) and the like.

When provided with such flange member 566 and through hole 567, theoptical path converting member of the present invention may be moreeasily disposed (fixed and positioned) in the device for opticalcommunication and the like.

Here, FIG. 3G-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line G-G′ shown in FIG. 3G-1.

An optical path converting member 570 shown in FIGS. 4H-1 and 4H-2comprises: an optical path conversion mirror having a triangular pillarshape with a triangular bottom surface, a side surface functioning as anentrance surface 572, a side surface functioning as an exit surface 573and a side surface functioning as a reflection surface 574; and a lens571 formed by combining a pillar body 571 b and a convex body 571 a, andin the optical path converting member 570, the lens 571 is directlyprovided on the entrance surface 572.

Here, FIG. 4H-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line H-H′ shown in FIG. 4H-1.

In an optical path converting member 580 shown in FIGS. 4I-1 and 4I-2,the shape of an optical path conversion mirror is identical to the shapeof the optical path conversion mirror shown in FIGS. 4H-1 and 4H-2, andon the entrance surface of the optical path conversion mirror, a lens581 having a flat surface on one side and a concave surface on the otherside.

Here, FIG. 4I-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line I-I′ shown in FIG. 4I-1.

FIGS. 5J-1 and 5J-2 show an optical path conversion member 590 in whicha lens is provided inside an optical path converting member. In theoptical path converting member 590, a first optical path member 590 ahaving almost the same shape as the optical path converting member shownin FIGS. 1A-1 and 1A-2, and a second optical path member 590 b in whicha lens 591 having a convex body is disposed on one surface of therectangular pillar shaped body, are formed integrally by interposing anadhesive layer 596. In the figures, the portion 591 shows a lens, thesurface 592 shows an entrance surface, the surface 593 shows an exitsurface and the surface 594 shows a reflection surface.

This kind of optical path converting member in which a lens is providedinside an optical path converting mirror is also one of the embodimentsof the optical path converting member of the present invention. Here,FIG. 5J-2 is a cross sectional view of the optical path convertingmember along the line J-J′ shown in FIG. 5J-1.

In the optical path converting member 590 having this kind of structure,the refractive index of the adhesive layer 596 for integrating theoptical path members 590 a and 590 b is desirably smaller than therefractive index of the optical path members 590 a and 590 b.

This is because, collimated light transmission between optical pathmembers may become possible.

Besides, when lenses are provided inside the optical path conversionmirror, the number of the lenses is not particularly limited, and may betwo, one, or three or more as shown in the figures.

In the above-mentioned optical path converting member shown in FIGS.1A-1, 1A-2 to 5J-1, 5J-2, an entrance surface and an exit surface aredefined, however, depending on the needs, the entrance surface and theexit surface are interchangeable.

Specific shapes of the optical path converting member according to theembodiments of the present invention are not limited to those shapesshown in FIGS. 1A-1, 1A-2 to 5J-1, 5J-2. For example, although theoptical path converting members disclosed in the drawings have fouroptical paths each, the number of optical paths in the optical pathconverting member of the present invention is not limited to four, andmay be one to three, or may be five or more. Moreover, the number oflenses provided in each optical path is also not particularly limited.

Next, a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned optical pathconverting member according to the embodiments of the present inventionwill be described.

The optical path converting member can be manufactured, for example, bya known injection molding method and the like.

Specifically, for example, when the material is an optical glass used inan optical application (softening point temperature: about 400° C. toabout 800° C.), or a low melting point glass (softening pointtemperature: about 200° C. to about 500° C.), the glass material isfused by heating to a higher temperature than the softening pointtemperature by about 150° C. to about 250° C.

Then, the fused glass is poured into a die (the upper die and the lowerdie are in combined state), and then cooled so that the optical pathconverting member can be manufactured.

Out of the two glass materials, the low melting point glass having alower processing temperature is preferred.

Moreover, when the material of the optical path converting member is athermoplastic resin used in an optical application such as polycarbonateresin (softening point temperature: about 130° C. to about 140° C.) oracrylic resin (softening point temperature: about 70° C. to about 100°C.), the thermoplastic resin is fused by heating to a higher temperaturethan the softening point temperature by about 150 to about 250° C.

Then, the fused resin is poured into a die (the upper die and the lowerdie are in combined state), and then cooled so that the optical pathconverting member can be manufactured.

The optical path converting member can also be manufactured by heatingpress and the like.

Specifically, for example, when the material of the optical pathconverting member is an optical glass used in an optical application(softening point temperature: about 400° C. to about 800° C.), or a lowmelting point glass (softening point temperature: about 200° C. to about500° C.), the glass material is heated almost to the softening pointtemperature, and pressed between the upper die and the lower die, andthen cooled so that the optical path converting member can bemanufactured.

Moreover, when the material of the optical path converting member is athermoplastic resin used in an optical application such as polycarbonateresin (softening point temperature: about 130° C. to about 140° C.) oracrylic resin (softening point temperature: about 70° C. to about 100°C.), the thermoplastic resin is heated almost to the softening pointtemperature, and pressed between the upper die and the lower die, andthen cooled so that the optical path converting member can bemanufactured.

Further, when the material of the optical path converting member is athermosetting resin such as epoxy resin (thermal deformationtemperature: about 50° C. to about 290° C.) or phenol resin (thermaldeformation temperature: about 75° C. to about 125° C.), by heating to atemperature within a thermal deformation temperature range, and pressingbetween the upper die and the lower die, the optical path convertingmember can be manufactured.

The optical path converting member can also be manufactured by astamping forming process in which the die is pressed to the softenedglass or resin so as to transfer the die pattern.

The material of the die is not particularly limited as long as thespecified conditions are satisfied, such as capable of processing athigh surface precision, no deformation at a forming temperature, and thelike, and specifically, the materials which may be used include WC ascemented carbide, SiC especially suited to use in high temperatureconditions, and the like. Moreover, various types of SUS may be useddepending on the pressing conditions or products to be formed.

As the WC, for example, WC with Co, Ni, Cr or the like as a binder, orin consideration of corrosion resistance, those in which a small amountof TiC, TaC or the like is further added and sintered, may be used.

When a die made of SiC is used, only the surface may be ground aftersintering, or the surface pores may be filled by a CVD method or thelike after sintering to further enhance the surface precision.

Here, other materials for the die include metals such as cementedcarbide, Ni, Al, Ni alloy and Al alloy, ceramics such as GC (glassycarbon), and the like.

When a die is used, depending on the kind of the glass used as amaterial of the optical path converging member, a problem of fusing andsticking of the die and the glass may occur after carrying out formingprocesses one or plural times. In the event of such fusing and stickingof glass, the surface precision of the die declines, and the opticalpath converting member may not be manufactured exactly as designed, orproduction of the optical path converting member itself may becomeimpossible.

To prevent fusing and sticking of glass to the die, it is desirable thatthe surface of the die be covered with a parting film. Materials of suchparting film may include pure metals such as Cr, Ni, W, Pt, Ir, Au, ortheir alloys, carbide, carbon, TiCN, TiAlN, TiN, BN and the like.

Also, in the case where the optical path converting member ismanufactured by using a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin,such die coated with the parting film can be used. In this case, as theparting film, silicone may be applied on the die surface.

The optical path converting member may be manufactured by firstmanufacturing the lens and the optical path conversion mirrorseparately, and then bonding the two with an adhesive or the like, or byfirst manufacturing the reflection mirror, and then forming the lensportion directly on the reflection mirror by ink jet, a dispensingmethod or the like; however, it is particularly desirable to form thelens and the optical path conversion mirror integrally by injectionmolding or other methods.

By manufacturing the optical path converting member by injection moldingand the like, deviation of positional accuracy of the lens and theoptical path conversion mirror can be easily controlled to about 5 μm orless, and the transmission loss of the optical path converting membermay be easily reduced, and moreover the bonding loss may be easilyreduced when connecting the optical path converting member with otheroptical components such as optical waveguide.

The optical path converting member can also be manufactured by cuttingout in a specified shape by machining.

The embodiments of the manufacturing method of the optical pathconverting member explained so far in the above relate to a method ofmanufacturing an optical path converting member having lenses providedon the entrance surface or the reflection surface of the optical pathconversion mirror, and an optical path converting member having lensesprovided inside the optical path conversion mirror is desirablymanufactured in the following method.

For example, when the optical path converting member is manufactured ina shape as shown in FIG. 5J-1, the optical path members 590 a, 590 bforming the optical path converting member are manufactured individuallyby injection molding, die molding, press heating and the like asdescribed above, and the both optical path members 590 a, 590 b are putin a box jig and, after matching the optical axes of the two members,the spacing of the two members is filled with an adhesive, and by curingthe adhesive, the optical path members 590 a, 590 b are fixed by way ofthe adhesive, and the excess adhesive is removed by grinding so that theoptical path converting member having the lenses provided inside theoptical path conversion mirror is manufactured.

When the optical path converting member is manufactured in this method,the optical axes of the optical path members 590 a, 590 b can be matchedby placing the light source so as to face the entrance surface of theoptical path converting member, and disposing the light receiving deviceso as to face the exit surface of the optical path converting member,and the position can be matched by detecting the quantity of light.

The adhesive for bonding and fixing the optical path members 590 a, 590b is, for example, the same adhesive as the adhesive for filling in theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal in the multilayer printcircuit board of the present invention described below. The adhesivepreferred has a smaller refractive index than the optical path members.

The reflection surface of the optical path conversion mirror may bevapor-deposited with a metal such as aluminum, gold, silver, copper,titanium, and chromium/gold.

The metal deposition layer may be formed not only on the reflectionsurface, but also on other surfaces except the entrance surface and theexit surface.

When the optical path converting member is manufactured, a refractiveindex thereof is adjusted to a specified value.

In a specific method for adjusting the refractive index, for example,when the optical path converting member comprises a glass material,glass materials having different refractive indexes are mixed at apredetermined blending ratio and fused so that the refractive index canbe adjusted. When the optical path converting member comprises a resinmaterial, the same method as that used for adjusting the refractiveindex of the adhesive as mentioned below and the like can be used.

Next, the multilayer print circuit board according to embodiments of thepresent invention is described below.

In the multilayer print circuit board according to the embodiments ofthe present invention, usually, a solder resist layer is formed as theoutermost layer of the substrate on which a conductor circuit and aninsulating layer are formed and laminated on both sides.

Therefore, the following explanation relates to a multilayer printcircuit board according to an embodiment in which a conductor circuitand an insulating layer are formed and laminated on both sides of asubstrate, and a solder resist layer is formed as the outermost layer.

The conductor circuit and the insulating layer need not to be alwaysformed and laminated on both sides, and the solder resist lay needs notto be always formed.

In the multilayer print circuit board according to the above-mentionedembodiment, the optical path converting member according to theembodiments of the present invention is disposed in the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal.

Moreover, the optical path converting member is desirably disposed atthe optical path for transmitting an optical signal with an adhesivetransparent to transmission light. Here, being transparent totransmission light means having a transmittance of about 60%/mm or more.

It is desirable that other portion than the part where the optical pathconverting member is disposed in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal be filled with an adhesive.

The resin component of the adhesive is not particularly limited as longas the absorption in the communication wavelength band is small, and athermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, a photosensitive resin suchas a UV curing resin, and the like may be used, and among which a resinhaving thermosetting property and photosensitive property are desirablyused. For example, when a UV curing resin is used, upon fixing theoptical path converting member, some portion may not be exposed to UVlight, and thus fixing may become insufficient, or when a thermosettingresin is used, upon trying to fix while adjusting the optical axis ofthe optical path converting member, it is hard to heat and fix whileadjusting the optical axis, and thus fixing of the optical pathconverting member may become insufficient; whereas in the case of usinga resin having thermosetting property and light setting property, aftertemporarily fixing by light (UV or the like) and then curing in an ovenor the like, the optical path converting member may be securely fixed toa specified position more easily.

Specific examples of the resin composition include those including epoxyresin or acrylic resin as a main component.

Other resin components include polymers manufactured from polyolefinresin, polyimide resin, silicone resin, benzocyclobutene, and the like.

The adhesive desirably has a larger refractive index than the opticalpath converting member, and a commercially available adhesive which isadjusted to have a desired refractive index may be used. The refractiveindex may be adjusted, for example, by blending particles. Therefractive index of the adhesive may also be adjusted, for example, bychanging the ratio of H (hydrogen atom), D (deuterium atom), F (fluorineatom) or the like bonded to a functional group of an adhesive material,or by changing the blending ratio of the material of the same kind ofwhich refractive index has been adjusted by changing the blending ratioof H, D, F or the like.

Examples of the commercially available adhesive products include OptoDyne series manufactured by Daikin Industries, and an optical pathbonding adhesive manufactured by NTT Advance Co.

The adhesive may contain, aside from the resin components, resinparticles, inorganic particles, metal particles, and the like. Bycontaining these particles, it is possible to match in the coefficientof thermal expansion among the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal, the substrate, the insulating layer, the solder resist layer,etc.

Specifically, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of an epoxyresin substrate is at least about 10 ppm and at most about 20 ppm, theCTE of an optical path converting member containing a glass material isat least about 5 ppm and at most about 20 ppm, and the CTE of an opticalpath converting member containing a resin material is about 50 ppm ormore (for example, at least about 60 ppm and at most about 80 ppm), anddue to difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of thesematerials, the adhesive may be cracked when fixing the optical pathconverting member, but occurrence of cracks may be more easilysuppressed by blending particles in the adhesive, and matching thecoefficient of thermal expansion with the other component members.

The particles are, for example, same particles as mixed in the lensmentioned above.

The particle size of the particles to be mixed in the adhesive isdesirably (1) shorter than the communication wavelength light (forexample, 0.85 μm), more desirably at least about 0.1 μm and at mostabout 0.8 μm, and most desirably in the range of about 0.2 to about 0.6μm. In this range, transmission loss caused by the particles tends to bereduced, and the purpose of blending the particles is securely achievedmore easily.

The particle size may be (2) about 0.2 μm in the lower limit and about50 μm in the upper limit. However, if there are many particles having asmall particle size, the viscosity tends to vary, making it difficult toprepare an adhesive at high repeatability; or if there are manyparticles having a large particle size, the fluidity is not sufficient,and the inside of the optical path for transmitting an optical signalmay not be filled sufficiently, and hence the lower limit is preferablyabout 1 μm, and the upper limit is preferably about 20 μm.

When using a particle having a particle diameter within a range of (2),particles having a particle size larger than the communicationwavelength may be contained, but the problem may be solved by usingparticles transparent to communication light and having substantiallythe same refractive index as the resin component.

Moreover, when disposing the optical path converting member, an adhesivehaving no particles may be used in the portion to become the opticalpath, and an adhesive containing particles (either transparent or not)may be used in other portions not becoming the optical path.

The lower limit of the content of the particles in the resin compositionis desirably about 10% by weight, and the upper limit is desirably about50% by weight. If the content of the particles is about 10% by weight ormore, the particles may be more easily mixed, or if the content of theparticles is about 50% by weight or less, it may become easier to befilled in the optical path for transmitting an optical signal. Moredesirably, the lower limit of the content of the particles in the resincomposition is about 20% by weight, and the upper limit is about 40% byweight.

By adjusting the refractive index, viscosity, particle size property andthe like of the adhesive in consideration of number, shape, fixingposition of the optical path converting member to be disposed, theadhesive surely fixes the optical path converting member more easily,and furthermore it may become easier to be surely filled in the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal.

In the case where the optical path converting member comprises a glassmaterial, the ratio of the refractive index of the optical pathconverting member and the refractive index of the adhesive is desirablyat least about 1.10 and at most about 1.35.

In the case where the optical path converting member comprises a resinmaterial, the ratio of the refractive index of the optical pathconverting member and the refractive index of the adhesive is desirablyat least about 1.10 and at most about 1.18.

Within the above mentioned ranges, it becomes easier to deal withhigh-speed transmission of an optical signal, or signal transmissionthrough a relatively long optical circuit.

Specifically, for example, it may become easier to carry out an opticalsignal transmission at the transmission speed of 2.5 Gbs (signalwavelength 0.85 μm) with an optical transmission distance of about 20 cmor more.

When the ratio of the refractive index is 1.14 or more, opticaltransmission tends to be easily carried out even if the transmissionspeed is increased to 5 Gbs or 10 Gbs, or the transmission distance isfurther extended to about 50 cm to about 100 cm.

In the multilayer print circuit board formed with the optical circuitand the optical path for transmitting an optical signal, in opticalsignal transmission from the light emitting device to the lightreceiving device (light emitting device→optical path for transmitting anoptical signal→optical circuit→optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal→light receiving device), the transmission loss tends to becomelarge at the following positions. That is, (1) transmission loss in theoptical circuit (usually about 0.5 dB/cm or less), (2) transmission lossin the optical path converting unit, and (3) optical coupling loss inthe light emitting device or the light receiving device, and the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal. For the optical circuit, anorganic optical waveguide is often used from the viewpoint of easyproduction, low cost and the like, but in the organic optical waveguide,it tends to be difficult to improve the transmission loss of the opticalwaveguide itself.

In contrast, in the multilayer print circuit board according to theembodiments of the present invention, the desirable ratio of therefractive index of the optical path converting member and the adhesivefor fixing the optical path converting member is defined in theabove-mentioned range, within which the coupling loss of the above (2)and (3) should be reduced when the optical path converting member isdisposed in the multilayer print circuit board.

When the ratio of the refractive index of the optical path convertingmember and the refractive index of the adhesive is about 1.10 or more,regardless of whether the optical path converting member comprises aglass material or a resin material, it is presumed that, when an opticalpath of about 20 cm or more (distance from the light emitting elementand the light receiving element) is formed in the multilayer printcircuit board, an optical signal may not be surely transferred in somecases. This is disadvantageous in the future when optical signaltransmission will faster and longer.

On the other hand, the upper limit of the refractive index ratio dependson an ordinary refractive index of a glass material or a resin material.

That is, as the glass material for the optical path converting member, aglass material with a refractive index of about 1.5 to about 2.0 isusually available, and as the resin material for the optical pathconverting member, a resin material with a refractive index of about 1.4to about 1.6 is usually available, and as the adhesive material forfixing the optical path converting member, an adhesive material with arefractive index of about 1.4 to about 1.6 is available, and thereforethe upper limit of the refractive index ratio is defined as thedesirable upper limit.

Of course, as the material for the optical path converting member, it ispossible to use a glass material with the refractive index ratio of morethan about 1.35, or a resin material with the refractive index ratiomore than about 1.18; however, those materials are hardly available and,if available, those materials are disadvantageous from the viewpoint ofcost.

If a resin material with the refractive index ratio of more than about1.18 is used, the resin material is presumed to have a high viscosityand a low fluidity, and it is expected to be inconvenient whenmanufacturing an optical path converting member (the yield is low, thedimensional variations are large, and the like).

However, as the material for the optical path converting member,superiority of the glass material and the resin material cannot besimply compared, but when a glass material is used, the optical pathconverting member that can be manufactured has a wider range of arefractive index and thus the range of the above-mentioned refractiveindex ratio becomes larger, and therefore the degree of freedom inoptical design of the multilayer print circuit board may be more easilywidened. Moreover, since high precision manufacturing is possible by diemolding, an optical path converting member excellent in dimensionalprecision may be more easily manufactured, dimensional variations may bemore easily suppressed, and the transmission loss may be more easilydecreased. On the other hand, when a resin material is used, as comparedwith the case of a glass material, the degree of freedom in opticaldesign tends to be smaller, however it is easier to match thecoefficient of thermal expansion among a substrate, an insulating layer(mainly made of resin material) and an adhesive for fixing the opticalpath converting member, and thus cracks due to difference in thecoefficient of thermal expansion tend not to occur.

Therefore, as the material for the optical path converting member, aglass material or a resin material may be properly selected depending onthe design of the multilayer print circuit board.

When the optical path converting member comprises a resin material, itsrefractive index is desirably set to at least about 1.38 and at mostabout 1.64.

If the refractive index of the resin material is about 1.38 or more, theresin material is soft even after curing treatment, and thus the opticalpath converting member tends not to get scratched, whereas if therefractive index is about 1.64 or less, it is not necessary to increasethe content of silica particles and the like to increase the refractiveindex, and therefore, the content of particles may not be too high, theviscosity tends not to be high, the fluidity of the resin compositionmay not increase too much, and moldability of the optical pathconverting member tends not to be reduced.

The optical path converting member disposed in the multilayer printcircuit board according to the embodiment of the present invention maybe coated with a coupling agent on the surface of the optical pathconverting member, or may be plasma processing may be applied on thesurface of the optical path converting member to enhance the adhesionwith the adhesive.

In the optical path for transmitting an optical signal, in addition tothe optical path converting member, an optical path member not having areflection surface may be separately disposed.

Specific examples of the optical path member are briefly described belowwith reference to the drawings.

FIG. 6A-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathmember according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.6A-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path member according tothe embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6B-1 is a perspective view schematically showing an optical pathmember according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.6B-2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path member according tothe embodiment of the present invention.

In an optical path member 600 shown in FIGS. 6A-1 and 6A-2, four piecesof convex lens 601 are provided on one side of the rectangular pillar.In this optical path member 600, a side surface 602 opposite to the sidesurface where the lenses 601 are provided on the rectangular pillar bodyfunctions as an entrance surface or a reflection surface of an opticalsignal.

FIG. 6A-2 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 6A-1 along the line A-A′.

This optical path member 600 has a structure similar to the optical pathmember 590 b forming the optical path converting member 590 shown inFIGS. 5J-1 and 5J-2.

The lenses to be provided on one side of the rectangular pillar body maybe provided either on a side surface opposite to the optical pathconverting member, or on a side opposite to the side facing the opticalpath converting member when the optical path member is disposed in themultilayer print circuit board.

In an optical path member 610 shown in FIGS. 6B-1 and 6B-2, one side ofa rectangular pillar is processed to have four pieces of concave lenses611. In this optical path member 610, a side surface 612 opposite to theside surface where the lenses 611 are provided on the rectangular pillarfunctions as an entrance surface or a reflection surface of an opticalsignal. Here, FIG. 6B-2 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 6B-1 along theline A-A′.

The lenses to be provided on side of the rectangular pillar body.

The lenses to be provided on one side of the rectangular pillar body maybe disposed either on a side surface opposite to the optical pathconverting member, or on a side opposite to the side facing the opticalpath converting member when the optical path member is disposed in themultilayer print circuit board.

The optical path member usable in the multilayer print circuit boardaccording to the embodiments of the present invention is not limited tothe examples shown in FIGS. 6A-1 and 6A-2 and FIGS. 6B-1 and 6B-2.

A conductor layer may be formed on the wall surface of the optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal.

By forming the conductor layer, irregular reflection of light on thewall surface of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal maybe more easily reduced, and the transmissivity of the optical signal maybe more easily enhanced. Moreover, the conductor layer may be moreeasily function as a through hole.

The multilayer print circuit board according to the embodiments of thepresent invention is described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example of amultilayer print circuit board according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. Here, FIG. 7 shows the multilayer print circuit boardin a state in which the optical elements are already mounted (in a stateready to function as device for optical communication).

As shown in FIG. 7, in the multilayer print circuit board 100 of thepresent invention, a conductor circuit 124 and a insulating layer 122are formed and laminated on both sides of a substrate 121, and conductorcircuits having the substrate 121 in between, and conductor circuitshaving the insulating layer 122 in between are electrically connected bynon-penetrating via holes 127. Also, a solder resist layer 134 is formedas the outermost layer.

Moreover, an optical waveguide 150 including a core 151 and a clad 152is formed between the insulating layers 122 at one side of thesubstrate.

In the multilayer print circuit board 100, an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 142 is provided so as to penetratethrough the substrate 121, the insulating layer 122, the opticalwaveguide 150, and the solder resist layer 134.

In the optical path for transmitting an optical signal 142, an opticalpath converting member 136 and an optical path member 135 are disposed,and they are fixed by an adhesive filled in the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 142.

The optical path converting member 136 has a lens 136 a and an opticalpath conversion mirror (reflection surface) 136 b, and the optical pathmember 135 has a lens 135 a.

Moreover, the optical path converting member 136 and the optical pathmember 135 are provided in the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal so that the lenses may face each other, and further the opticalpath conversion mirror 136 b of the optical path converting member 136is mounted at a position so that an optical signal can be transmittedbetween the optical path for transmitting an optical signal 142 and anoptical element 138.

In the optical path converting member 136, the side surface facing theoptical waveguide 150 composes either the entrance surface or the exitsurface, and the surface where the lens is provided composes the otherone of the entrance surface and the exit surface.

Thus, in the multilayer print circuit board according to the embodimentof the present invention, the optical path converting member has thelenses provided either on the entrance surface or the exit surface, thatis a side different from the side facing the optical circuit (opticalwaveguide), and further, in such a manner as to face these lenses, anoptical path member having other lenses is desirably provided.

With this kind of configuration, transmission between the optical pathconverting member and the optical path member can be carried out bycollimated light, and spread of transmission light may be more easilysuppressed, and thus an excellent transmissivity of the optical signalis achieved, and by the design for transferring between the two membersby collimated light, the allowance of position deviation between theoptical path converting member and the optical path member is widened.

The optical path for transmitting an optical signal 142 is formed in asize capable of transmitting optical signals from the four-channeloptical element, and the optical path for transmitting an optical signal142 is formed in a collective through hole structure. Therefore, theoptical path converting member 136 disposed in the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 142 has a structure capable oftransmitting optical signals of four channels as shown in FIGS. 1A-1 and1A-2. The optical path member 135 has a structure capable oftransmitting optical signals of four channels as shown in FIGS. 6A-1 and6A-2.

In the multilayer print circuit board having the structure shown in FIG.7, the optical path converting member may be the optical path convertingmember shown in FIGS. 1C-1, 1C-2, 2D-1, 2D-2, 2E-1, 2E-2, 3F-1, 3F-2,4H-1, 4H-2, 4I-1 and 4I-2, instead of the optical path converting member500 shown in FIGS. 1A-1 and 1A-2. The optical path member may be theoptical path member shown in FIGS. 6B-1 and 6B-2, instead of the opticalpath member 600 shown in FIGS. 6A-1 and 6A-2.

When disposing the optical path converting member as shown in FIG. 7, anoptical path converging member integrally formed from an optical pathmember having a reflection surface and an optical path member not havinga reflection surface, as shown in FIGS. 5J-1 and 5J-2 may be disposed.

On one side of the multilayer print circuit board 100, a four-channellight emitting device 138 and a four-channel light receiving device 139are disposed via a solder connection portion 144 in such a manner that alight emitting unit 138 a and a light receiving unit 139 a each facesthe optical path for transmitting an optical signal 142. On one side, anIC chip may be also mounted via the solder connection portion. In themultilayer print circuit board 100, solder bumps 137 may be formed onthe solder resist layer on the side opposite to the side where the lightreceiving element and the light emitting element are mounted.

The shape of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal is notparticularly limited as long as it is possible to dispose the opticalpath converting member, and examples of the shape include, a roundpillar, a rectangular pillar, an cylindroid pillar, a plurality of roundpillars arranged in parallel and connecting with adjacent round pillarsat a part of the sides, a pillar-shaped body having a top surface and abottom surface enclosed with a straight line and an arc, and the like.

When the shape of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal isdesigned to allow the transmission of optical signals with the opticalelements of multiple channels, one optical path converting membercapable of transmitting optical signals of multiple channels may bedisposed, or plural optical path converting members may be disposed, oran optical path converting member may be disposed in each channel.

Moreover, the optical path for transmitting an optical signal may alsohave a collective through hole structure linking the channels, or mayhave an individual through hole structure independent for each channel,depending on the shape of the optical path converting member.

In the multilayer print circuit board according to the embodiment shownin FIG. 7, the optical path for transmitting an optical signalpenetrating through the whole multilayer print circuit board (substrate,insulating layer, optical wave guide, and solder resist layer) isformed, but the optical path for transmitting an optical signal is notalways required to penetrate through the whole multilayer print circuitboard. However, considering the necessity of forming the optical pathconverting member and the optical path member, it is preferable that athrough hole penetrating through the whole multilayer print circuitboard be formed, for reasons of easier positioning and the like.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view schematically showing another embodiment ofthe multilayer print circuit board of the present invention which can beused as a package substrate. FIG. 8 shows the multilayer print circuitboard in a state in which optical elements are already mounted (in astate ready to function as device for optical communication).

As shown in FIG. 8, in the multilayer print circuit board 200 of thepresent invention, a conductor circuit 224 and a insulating layer 222are formed and laminated on both sides of a substrate 221, and conductorcircuits having the substrate 221 in between, and conductor circuitshaving the insulating layer 222 in between are electrically connected bynon-penetrating via holes 227. Also, a solder resist layer 234 is formedas the outermost layer.

Moreover, an optical waveguide 250 including a core 251 and a clad 252is formed between the insulating layers 222 at one side of thesubstrate.

In this multilayer print circuit board 200, an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 242 is provided so as to penetratethrough the substrate 221, part of the insulating layer 222, the opticalwaveguide 250, and the solder resist layer 234.

Moreover, optical path converting members 236 are disposed in theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal 242, and they are fixedby an adhesive filled in the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal 242.

The optical path converting member 236 is provided with a lens 236 a andan optical path conversion mirror (reflection surface) 236 b.

The optical path converting member 236 is mounted at a position capableof transmitting an optical signal between the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal and the optical element by way of theoptical path conversion mirror 236 b.

Here, in the optical path converting member 236, the side surface facingthe optical waveguide 250 composes either the entrance surface or theexit surface, and the side surface where the lens is provided forms theother one of the entrance surface and the exit surface.

Thus, in the multilayer print circuit board according to the embodimentsof the present invention, desirably, the optical path converting memberhas the lenses provided either on the entrance surface or the exitsurface which corresponds to the surface facing the optical circuit(optical waveguide).

In such configuration, as compared with the multilayer print circuitboard comprising the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember shown in FIG. 7, the number of required parts is curtailed, andthus the manufacturing cost may be more easily reduced. Moreover, sincepositioning between the optical path converting member and the opticalpath member is not necessary, it becomes easier to perform positioningof the optical path converting member.

Furthermore, as described above, the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal 242 is formed to penetrate through the substrate 221,part of the insulating layer 222, the optical waveguide 250, and onesolder resist layer 234, not to penetrate through the whole multilayerprint circuit board. When an optical path having this kind of structureis formed, a conductor circuit may be more easily formed in theinsulating layer at a portion not penetrated by the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal. Hence, the degree of freedom of designis high, which is advantageous for high-density wiring.

However, when comparing the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal which penetrates through the whole multilayer print circuit boardwith the optical path for transmitting an optical signal which does notpenetrate, from the viewpoint of filling property of the adhesive forfixing the optical path converting member, the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal penetrating through the whole multilayerprint circuit board is more preferable.

In the multilayer print circuit board shown in FIG. 8, the optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal does not penetrate through the wholemultilayer print circuit board; however as mentioned above, the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal may also penetrate through thewhole multilayer print circuit board.

The optical path for transmitting an optical signal 242 is formed in asize capable of transmitting optical signals from a four-channel opticalelement, and the optical path for transmitting an optical signal havinga collective through hole structure 242 is formed therein. Therefore,the optical path converting member 236 disposed in the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 242 has a structure capable oftransmitting optical signals of four channels as shown in FIGS. 1B-1 and1B-2.

In the multilayer print circuit board having the structure shown in FIG.8, as the optical path converting member, the optical path convertingmember shown in FIGS. 1C-1, 1C-2, 2D-1, 2D-2, 2E-1, 2E-2, 3F-1, 3F-2,3G-1 and 3G-2 may be used, instead of the optical path converting member510 shown in FIGS. 1B-1 and 1B-2.

On one side of the multilayer print circuit board 200, a four-channellight emitting device 238 and a four-channel light receiving device 239are disposed on the surface by interposing a solder connection portion244 in such a manner that a light emitting unit 238 a and a lightreceiving unit 239 a each faces the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal 242. Moreover, an IC chip may also be mounted byinterposing the solder connection portion on one side. In the multilayerprint circuit board 200, solder bumps 237 may also be formed on a solderresist layer located at a side opposite to the side where the lightreceiving device and the light emitting device are mounted.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show the multilayer print circuit board on which opticalwaveguides are formed as optical circuits; however, in the multilayerprint circuit board according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, an optical fiber sheet may be formed as optical circuit.

Moreover, the optical path converting member disposed on the multilayerprint circuit board according to the embodiments of the presentinvention is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 1A-1, 1A-2, 1B-1 and1B-2, but may include the optical path converting member shown in FIGS.1C-1, 1C-2, 2D-1, 2D-2, 2E-1, 2E-2, 3F-1, 3F-2, 3G-1, 3G-2, 4H-1, 4H-2,4I-1 and 4I-2, and these optical path converting members may be combinedwith the optical path member 135 shown in FIG. 7, and may also includean optical path converting member having a form in which optical pathmembers as shown in FIGS. 5J-1 and 5J-2 are combined together and lensesare provided inside.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the multilayer print circuit board,one optical path converting member of an array shape, which correspondsto multiple channels capable of transmitting optical signals of pluralchannels, may be disposed, or one or a plurality of optical pathconverting member which corresponds to an optical signal of a singlechannel or one or a plurality of optical path converting member of anarray shape may be disposed.

The multilayer print circuit boards according to the embodiments shownin FIGS. 7 and 8 are capable of transmitting signals within themultilayer print circuit board by using optical signals; however, themultilayer print circuit board according to the embodiment of thepresent invention may also have a configuration which can transmitsignals between an optical element mounted on the multilayer printcircuit board and other external substrate by using optical signals. Inthis case, for example, an end portion of the optical circuit is exposedto the side surface of the multilayer print circuit board, and theoptical path converting member may be attached so that the opticalsignal may be transmitted toward the side surface of the multilayerprint circuit board.

Next, a manufacturing method of a multilayer print circuit board of thepresent invention is explained step by step.

In the method for manufacturing the multilayer print circuit boardaccording to the embodiment of the present invention, first, amultilayer circuit board where conductor circuits and insulating layersare formed and laminated on one side or both sides of a substrate ismanufactured. The above-described multilayer circuit board may bemanufactured in accordance with a semi-additive method, a full-additivemethod, a subtractive method, a collect layering method, a conformalmethod and the like. Here, an example of a manufacturing method for amultilayer circuit board using a semi-additive method is described.

(1) An insulating substrate is prepared as a starting material, andfirst, conductor circuits are formed on this insulating substrate. Theinsulating substrate is not particularly limited, and a glass epoxysubstrate, a bismaleimide-triazine (BT) resin substrate, a coppercovered multilayer board, a resin substrate such as an RCC substrate, aceramic substrate such as an aluminum nitride substrate, a siliconsubstrate, and the like can be cited as examples.

The above-described conductor circuits can be formed by forming a solidconductor layer on the surface of the above-described insulatingsubstrate in accordance with, for example, an electroless platingprocess, and after that, carrying out an etching process, and the like.

In addition, non-penetrating via holes for connecting the conductorcircuits which sandwich the insulating substrate may be formed. Inaddition, a coarse surface may be formed on the surface of the conductorcircuits in accordance with an etching process or the like, ifnecessary, after the formation of the conductor circuits.

(2) Next, an insulating layer having openings for via holes is formed onthe substrate on which the conductor circuit is formed.

The insulating layer may be formed of a thermosetting resin, aphotosensitive resin, a resin where a photosensitive group is added to aportion of a thermosetting resin, a resin compound including any ofthese and a thermoplastic resin or the like.

Specifically, for example, first, an uncured resin is applied using aroll coater, a curtain coater and the like, or a resin film is bondedthrough thermocompression so that a resin layer is formed, and afterthat a curing process is carried out if necessary, and openings for viaholes are formed in accordance with a laser process, an exposure anddevelopment process or the like, and accordingly, an insulating layercan be formed.

In addition, it is possible to form a resin layer comprising theabove-described thermoplastic resin by, for example, thermocompressionbonding a resin mold in film form.

Examples of the thermosetting resin include an epoxy resin, a phenolicresin, a polyimide resin, a polyester resin, a bismaleimide resin, apolyolefin based resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, a polyphenyleneresin, a fluorine resin and the like.

An acryl resin and the like can be cited as an example of theabove-described photosensitive resin.

In addition, as for the resin where a photosensitive group is added to aportion of the above-described thermosetting resin, a resin gained bymaking the thermosetting group of any of the above-describedthermosetting resins, methacrylic acid or acrylic acid react with eachother in order to bring about acrylic conversion and the like can becited as an example.

As for the above-described thermoplastic resin, a phenoxy resin,polyether sulfone (PES), polysulfone (PSF), polyphenylene sulfone (PPS),polyphenylene sulfide (PPES), polyphenylene ether (PPE) and polyetherimide (PI) and the like can be cited as examples.

Moreover, the insulating layer may be formed by using a resin compositefor the formation of a coarse surface.

As the resin composite for the formation of a coarse surface, thoseprepared by dispersing a substance which is soluble in a coarseningliquid comprising at least one member selected from acid, alkali and anoxidant, in an uncured, heat resistant resin matrix which is insolublein a coarsening liquid comprising at least one member selected fromacid, alkali and an oxidant can be cited as an example.

Here, with regard to the words “insoluble” and “soluble,” for the sakeof convenience, substances having a relatively high dissolution rate isreferred to as “soluble,” whereas those having a relatively lowdissolution rate is referred to a “insoluble” in the case where thosesubstances are immersed in the same coarsening liquid for the sameperiod of time.

The heat-resistant resin matrix is not particularly limited as long asthe shape of a rough surface is maintained when forming the roughsurface on the insulating layer by using the roughening solution, andexamples thereof include, for example, thermosetting resin,photosensitive resin, thermoplastic resin, a complex body of thoseexamples, and the like.

The soluble substance is desirably at least one kind selected frominorganic particles, resin particles, and metal particles.

As the laser that is used in the laser process, a gas carbonate laser,an ultraviolet ray laser, an excimer laser and the like can be cited asexamples. After the formation of openings for via holes, a desmearingtreatment may be carried out if necessary.

In addition, in this process, penetrating holes for through holes may beformed, if necessary.

(3) Next, a conductor circuit is formed on the surface of the insulatinglayer including the inner walls of the openings for via holes.

That is, first, a thin film conductor layer is formed on the surface ofthe insulating layer through electroless plating, sputtering or thelike, and then, a plating resist is formed on part of the surface, andafter that, an electrolytic plating layer is formed in the portion wherethe plating resist is not formed. Next, the plating resist and the thinfilm conductor layer beneath this plating resist are removed, so that aconductor circuit (including a non-penetrating via hole) is formed.

As the material for the thin film conductor layer, examples thereofinclude: copper, nickel, tin, zinc, cobalt, thallium, lead and the like.

The desirable material is copper or those comprised of copper andnickel, in order to obtain excellent electrical properties and from aneconomical point of view.

Moreover, a coarse surface may be formed on the surface of theinsulating layer before formation of the above-described thin filmconductor layer.

The plating resist can be formed through exposure to light anddevelopment after a photosensitive dry film is attached, and the like.

The plating resist may be removed by using, for example, an alkalinesolution and the like, and the thin film conductor layer may be removedusing an etchant, such as a mixed liquid of sulfuric acid and hydrogenperoxide, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, ferric chloride,cupric chloride or the like.

(4) Further, if necessary, the insulating layer and the conductorcircuit may be formed and laminated by repeating the processes (2) and(3).

By conducting processes (1) to (4), a multilayer circuit board on whichthe conductor circuit and the insulating layer are formed and laminatedat least on one side of the substrate can be manufactured.

When forming an optical circuit between insulating layers, after formingan insulating layer, the conductor circuit may be formed in accordancewith the following method, and further an insulating layers may beformed and laminated.

First, a method of forming an optical waveguide as the optical circuitis explained.

The optical waveguide may be formed, when using an inorganic materialsuch as silica glass as the material, by attaching the optical waveguidepreliminarily formed in a predetermined shape by using an adhesive.

The optical waveguide comprising an inorganic material can bemanufactured by forming a film of an inorganic material such as LiNbO₃and LiTaO₃, by a liquid phase epitaxial method, a chemical vapordeposition (CVD) method, a molecular line epitaxial method or the like.

Examples of the method for forming an optical waveguide comprising apolymer material include (1) a method of forming an optical waveguideforming film preliminarily formed in a film-like shape on a partingfilm, and attaching the film on the insulating layer, (2) a method ofsequentially forming and laminating a lower clad, a core and an upperclad on the insulating layer to form the optical waveguide directly onthe insulating layer, and the like.

In the method for forming the optical waveguide, a same method may beapplied when forming the optical waveguide on the parting film, or whenforming the optical waveguide on the insulating layer or the like.

Specifically, a method using reactive ion etching, a process includingexposure to light and development, a mold forming method, a resistforming method or a method combining these methods is used.

In the method using the reactive ion etching, (i) first, a lower clad isformed on a parting film, an insulating layer or the like (hereinafter,simply referred to as a parting film or the like), and (ii) next, aresin composite for a core is applied to the top of this lower clad, andfurthermore, a curing process is carried out, if necessary, to provide aresin layer for forming a core. After that, (iii) a resin layer forforming a mask is formed on the resin layer for forming a core, and thena process including exposure to light and development is carried out onthe resin layer for forming a mask, and thereby, a mask (etching resist)is formed on the resin layer for forming a core.

Next, (iv) reactive ion etching is carried out on the resin layer forforming a core to remove the resin layer for forming a core on the masknon-forming portion so that a core is formed on the lower clad. Finally,(v) an upper clad is formed on the lower clad so as to cover the core,and thus, an optical waveguide is provided.

This method using reactive ion etching provides easy forming of anoptical waveguide having excellent dimensional reliability. In addition,this method is also excellent in reproducibility.

In the exposing and developing method, (i) first, a lower clad is formedon a parting film or the like, and (ii) a resin for forming a corecomposition is applied on the lower clad, and a half-curing process iscarried out, if necessary, so that a layer of resin for forming a corecomposition is formed.

(iii) Next, a mask on which a pattern corresponding to the core formingportion is drawn is placed on the layer of resin composition for forminga core, and by carrying out an exposing and developing treatment, a coreis formed on the lower clad. Lastly, (iv) an upper clad is formed on thelower clad so as to cover the core, and thereby an optical waveguide ismanufactured.

Since the number of processes is small, this exposing and developingmethod may be preferably used for mass production of optical waveguides.In addition, due to few heating steps, stress hardly occurs in theoptical waveguide.

In the die forming method, (i) first, a lower clad is formed on aparting film or the like, and (ii) a core forming groove is formed inthe lower clad by die forming. (iii) The groove is filled in with theresin for forming a core composition by printing, and thereafter, acuring treatment is carried out so that a core is formed. Lastly, (iv)an upper clad is formed on the lower clad so as to cover the core, andthereby an optical waveguide is manufactured.

This die forming method is desirably applicable to mass production ofoptical waveguides, and optical waveguides with an excellent dimensionalreliability may be more easily obtained. Also, this method is excellentin reproductivity.

In the resist forming method, (i) first, a lower clad is formed on aparting film or the like, and (ii) a resist forming resin composition isapplied on the lower clad, and then an exposing and developing treatmentis carried out so that a core forming resist is formed in the corenon-forming portion on the lower clad.

(iii) Next, a resin for forming a core composition is applied on theresist non-forming portion on the lower clad, and (iv), after curing theresin for forming a core composition, the core forming resist isstripped to form a core on the lower clad. Lastly, (iv) an upper clad isformed on the lower clad so as to cover the core, and thereby an opticalwaveguide is manufactured.

This resist forming method is desirably applicable to mass production ofoptical waveguides, and optical waveguides with an excellent dimensionalreliability may be more easily obtained. Also, this method is excellentin reproductivity.

In the case where an optical waveguide comprising a polymer material isformed using these methods, and an optical waveguide where particles aremixed into the core is formed, a mold forming method is desirable incomparison with a process including exposure to light and development.The reason for this is as follows.

That is to say, in the case where a trench for forming a core is formedin the lower clad through mold formation, and then a core is formedwithin this trench in accordance with a mold forming method for forminga core, it becomes possible for all of the particles mixed into the coreto be contained in the core more easily, and as a result, the surface ofthe core becomes flat, providing excellent transmissivity of an opticalsignal. On the other hand, when the core is formed in a processincluding exposure to light and development, in the core after thedevelopment process, part of the particles may extrude from the surfaceof the core, or a recess may be formed in the surface of the core due tocoming off of the particles, making the surface of the core uneven, andthis unevenness may make it difficult for light to be reflected in adesired direction, and as a result of this, there may be a case wherethe transmission property of an optical signal is lowered.

When the conductor circuit is formed on the insulating layer forming theoptical waveguide, desirably, an optical waveguide comprising a polymermaterial is directly formed on the insulating layer, and the thicknessof the lower clad is desirably set to be thicker than the thickness ofthe conductor circuit.

This is because undulation due to presence of the conductor layer doesnot occur in the optical waveguide, and the signal transmissivity in theoptical waveguide is excellent.

Furthermore, in the case where a resin composite for a clad is appliedusing a spin coater at the time of formation of the lower clad, a lowerclad having a flat surface may be more easily formed by applying a largeamount and adjusting the rotational speed so that a sufficient amount ofthe resin composite can be supplied into the space between the conductorcircuits.

In addition, at the time of formation of the lower clad, a flatteningprocess may be carried out, in such a manner that after the applicationof the resin composite for a clad, a film is mounted, and pressure isapplied using a flat plate.

Here, the resin composite for an optical waveguide (resin composite fora clad, resin composite for a core) can be applied using a roll coater,a bar coater, a curtain coater and the like, in addition to a spincoater.

In the case where an optical fiber sheet is formed as opticalwaveguides, an optical fiber sheet that has been manufactured in advancemay be attached to a predetermined location by interposing an adhesivematerial and the like.

Moreover, the optical fiber sheet can be formed by wiring a requirednumber of optical fibers on a base film (cover resin layer) comprising apolyimide resin and the like using an optical fiber wiring apparatus,and after that, coating the surroundings of the optical fibers with aprotective film (cover resin layer) comprising a polyimide resin and thelike.

Here, a commercially available optical fiber sheet can also be used.

(5) Next, a solder resist layer is formed, if necessary. When formingthe solder resist layer, an opening for forming a solder bump may be atthe same time formed in the solder resist layer (an opening for mountingIC chip or optical element).

Specifically, for example, the solder resist layer can be formed bycarrying out the following processes (a) and (b).

(a) First, a layer of a solder resist composition is formed as theoutermost layer of the multilayer circuit board.

The layer of the solder resist composition can formed by using, a solderresist composition comprising, for example, polyphenylene ether resin,polyolefin resin, fluorine resin, thermoplastic elastomer, epoxy resin,polyimide resin, and the like. Besides, a commercially available solderresist composition may also be used.

The layer of the solder resist composition is also formed by compressionbonding a film comprising the solder resist composition.

(b) Next, an opening for forming a solder bump is formed in the layer ofthe solder resist composition.

Specifically, for example, it can be formed by the exposing anddeveloping process, laser processing, and the like.

By the processes (a) and (b), a solder resist layer having an openingfor forming a solder bump can be formed.

When forming the solder resist layer, preliminarily, a resin film havingan opening at a desired position is manufactured, and by attaching theresin film, a solder resist layer having an opening for forming a solderbump can be formed, or at process (a), a layer of a solder resistcomposition may be formed only in the portion other than the opticalpath opening portion.

When the opening for forming a solder bump is formed, a solder pad maybe formed in this opening for forming a solder bump.

(b) Next, an optical path for transmitting an optical signal is formed.

The above-described through holes for an optical path are formedthrough, for example, a drilling process, a router process, a laserprocess and the like.

As the laser used in the above-described laser process, the same lasersas those that can be used for the creation of openings for theabove-described via holes can be cited.

It is desirable in the above-described drilling process to use anapparatus with a function for recognizing recognition marks (alignmentmarks) which allows for correction of the location for processing forcarrying out a drilling process by recognizing recognition marks on themultilayer printed circuit board (or solder resist layer).

When forming the optical path for transmitting an optical signal isformed in this process, the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal may be formed to penetrate entirely through the substrate, theinsulating layer, and the solder resist layer (see FIG. 7), or topenetrate only part of the substrate, the insulating layer, and thesolder resist layer (see FIG. 8).

The forming position and size of the through hole for an optical pathare not particularly limited, and may be properly selected inconsideration of the design of the conductor circuit, or mountingposition of the IC chip, the optical element or the like.

The through hole for an optical path is desired to be formed in everyoptical element such as the light receiving device and the lightemitting device, and may also be formed in every signal wavelength.

In addition, after the creation of through holes for an optical path, adesmearing treatment may be carried out on the wall surface of thethrough holes for an optical path if necessary.

The above-described desmearing treatment can be carried out using, forexample, a process using a permanganic acid solution, a plasma process,a corona process and the like. Here, resin residue, burrs and the likemay be more easily removed from the inside of the through holes for anoptical path by carrying out a desmearing treatment as described above,and thus, transmission loss of optical signals caused by diffusereflection of light from the wall surface may be more easily preventedfrom increasing in the completed optical signal transmitting regions.

After forming the through hole for an optical path, if necessary,grinding treatment may be carried out on the wall surface of the throughhole for an optical path.

The grinding treatment can be carried out by using, for example, a wallsurface grinding drill having an almost the same shape as the throughhole for an optical path, or having a smaller size than the through holefor an optical path. When using the wall surface grinding drill having asmaller size than the through hole for an optical path, the drill may bemoved properly.

The grinding treatment may be applied on the wall surface of the throughhole for an optical path, only in the portion where the optical circuitis exposed, or in the entire wall surface of the through hole for anoptical path.

The wall surface grinding drill is, for example, a drill with a columnshape having at least one flat side, with the grinding area coated witha known abrasive material, or coated with grinding paper or grindingcloth instead of the abrasive material.

Grinding may be processed by using abrasive materials containing aluminaor other fine particles, water, or the like.

In the grinding treatment, desmearing may or may not be performed.

After forming the through hole for an optical path, before forming aconductor layer, or before filling an uncured resin composition in thefollowing process, if necessary, the wall surface of the through holefor an optical path may be roughened in a rough surface forming process.This is because, the adhesion to the conductor layer or the resincomposition can be enhanced.

The rough surface may be formed by using, for example, an acid such assulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid; an oxidizing agent suchas chromic acid, chromium sulfate, permanganate, and the like. A plasmaprocessing or a corona processing may also be applied.

After forming the through hole for an optical path, if necessary, aconductor layer may be formed on the wall surface of the through holefor an optical path. The conductor layer is formed, for example, byelectroless plating, sputtering, vacuum deposition, and the like.

(7) Next, an optical path converting member is disposed in the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal. The optical path convertingmember may be disposed, for example, in the following method.

That is, the optical path converting member is inserted into the opticalpath for transmitting an optical signal using a suction jig, and thenpositioned and fixed with an adhesive to be disposed. When fixing withan adhesive, it is desirable to be fixed first temporarily and thenfixed firmly.

The optical path converting member can be mounted by using ahigh-precision flip chip mounting apparatus in such a manner that theoptical path converting member is attached using an alignment mark(recognizing mark) for mounting an optical element while positioning,and then fixed with an adhesive. In the case where the optical pathconverting member of the present invention is formed by die molding sothat the lens and the optical path conversion mirror are formedintegrally, since the distance from the center to the outline of thelens is precisely finished, the optical path converting member can bemounted while positioning by passive alignment.

Moreover, as in the case of the multilayer print circuit board accordingto the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, when mounting the optical path membertogether with the optical path converting member, desirably, the opticalpath converting member and the optical path member be preliminarilyformed integrally by interposing an adhesive.

This is because, if the optical path converting member and the opticalpath member are mounted separately, it takes time in mounting. Or whenfixing (or temporarily fixing) one member is fixed and then the othermember is fixed, if an adhesive is applied between the two members, airmay get in between the two members because one member is already fixed,and due to difference in the refractive index between air and theadhesive, in this case, the light may diffract in an undesireddirection, and the transmission loss of the optical signal may beincreased.

When integrally forming the optical path converting member and theoptical member, for example, they may be integrally formed by firstputting the optical path converting member and the optical path memberin a box jig, filling in an adhesive between the two, curing theadhesive while adjusting the optical axis, and then an excess portion isremoved by grinding.

From the viewpoint of enhancing the positioning precision of the opticalpath converting member, it is preferable to use an optical pathconverting member having a flange member as shown in FIGS. 3F-1, 3F-2,3G-1 and 3G-2.

(8) Lastly, by printing a solder paste and performing a reflow process,solder bumps are formed. Here, the solder bumps may be formed beforedisposing the optical path converting member.

By carrying out those processes, the multilayer print circuit board ofthe present invention can be manufactured.

When manufacturing a multilayer print circuit board in an embodimenthaving an optical circuit formed between the substrate and theinsulating layer or between the insulating layers as the multilayerprint circuit board according to the embodiments of the presentinvention, for example, it can also be manufactured in the followingmanner.

That is, component members of the multilayer print circuit board such asa substrate on which a conductor circuit is formed, an insulating layeron which a conductor circuit is formed, and an optical circuit areseparately manufactured and prepared, and these members are laminatedthrough prepreg, then forming of the solder resist layer, followed byforming of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal,disposing of the optical path converting member and the like so that themultilayer print circuit board can be manufactured.

Instead of the insulating layer provided with a conductor circuit, acopper-clad prepreg may be laminated, and then etched to form aconductor circuit.

The multilayer print circuit board of the present invention has beendescribed in the above; however, the multilayer print circuit board orthe package substrate mounted on the multilayer print circuit board ofthe present invention may not necessarily comprise a substrate, and aconductor circuit and an insulating layer formed and laminated on bothsides of the substrate, and may comprise a laminated body formed only bya conductor circuit and an insulating layer which are formed andlaminated, or may comprise a substrate, and an a conductor circuit andan insulating layer formed and laminated on only one side of thesubstrate.

In other words, the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board andpackage substrate may be formed to have an embodiment in which asubstrate is present or not present (core less structure).

Next, the device for optical communication according to embodiments ofthe present invention is described.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiments ofthe present invention, an optical element mounting package substrate orthe like is mounted on the multilayer print circuit board according tothe embodiments of the present invention. Here, the multilayer printcircuit board according to the embodiments has been described above, andtherefore its description is omitted here.

A light receiving element, a light emitting element and the like can becited as examples of the above-described optical element.

They can be properly selected, taking the configuration and requiredproperties of the above-described device for optical communication intoconsideration. Si, Ge, InGaAs or the like can be cited as the materialof the above-described light receiving element. From among these, InGaAsis desirable from the viewpoint of having excellent photosensitivity.

A PD (photodiode), an APD (avalanche photodiode) and the like can becited as examples of the above-described light receiving element.

An LD (laser diode), a DFB-LD (distributed-feedback laser diode), an LED(light emitting diode), an infrastructure or oxide-confinement VCSEL(vertical cavity surface emitting laser) and the like can be cited asexamples of the light emitting element.

Taking the structure of the device for optical communication; or thedemand characteristics, the light emitting element may be properly used.

With regard to the material of the above-described light emittingelement, a compound of gallium, arsenic and phosphorous (GaAsP), acompound of gallium, aluminum and arsenic (GaAlAs), a compound ofgallium and arsenic (GaAs), a compound of indium, gallium and arsenic(InGaAs), a compound of indium, gallium, arsenic and phosphorous(InGaAsP) or the like can be cited.

These may be used in different applications, taking the wavelength forcommunication into consideration, and in the case where the wavelengthfor communication is, for example, a band of 0.85 μm, it becomespossible to use GaAlAs, and in the case where the wavelength forcommunication is a band of 1.3 μm or a band of 1.55 μm, it becomespossible to use InGaAs.

In the device for optical communication of the present invention, it isintended to realize optical signal transmission in the substrate oroptical signal transmission in a relatively long distance (as comparedwith distance within substrate, about 100 cm or less) between thesubstrates, in a simple structure and at low cost, and hence thetransmission light to be used is desirably a transmission light of acommunication wavelength in 0.85 μm band so as to be easy in positioningbetween optical coupling parts.

The optical element according to the embodiments of the presentinvention such as a light receiving element or a light emitting elementmay be a multi-channel optical element, and the number of channelsthereof is not particularly limited.

Moreover, the above-described optical elements may be mounted throughflip chip bonding or wire bonding.

In addition, upon taking the surface of the optical element whereexternal electrodes are formed (hereinafter, referred to as the externalelectrode formed surface) in a plan view, the external electrodes may belocally formed in one of the two regions formed by equally dividing theplanar shape with a center line.

In the case where the external electrodes are unevenly distributed inthis manner, the above-described optical element may be more easilyconnected to a driving IC or an IC chip such as an amplifier IC that ismounted on the optical element, the package substrate and the substratefor a mother board via linear conductor circuits having the same length,and as a result, the system becomes excellent in the freedom of design,and skew (shifting of a signal) may be more easily suppressed, and thus,the system becomes excellent in its reliability in terms of thetransmission of an optical signal.

In addition, in the case where the external electrodes are unevenlydistributed, it is desirable for level maintaining members to be formedin the other region on the opposite side of the region where theexternal electrodes are formed with the center line in between on theabove-described external electrode formed surface.

In particular, in the case where the above-described optical element isa kind that is mounted with the face facing downwards through flip chipbonding, it is desirable for dummy electrodes or level maintainingmembers to be formed. This is because the optical element inclines atthe time of mounting, and the optical signal sometimes fails to betransmitted in the case where the level maintaining members or the likeare not formed.

Here, the above-described dummy electrodes have the same configurationas the above-described external electrodes, except that no current flowsthrough them due to the design of the optical element.

An embodiment of the device for optical communication of the presentinvention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Here, the explanation will be given with reference to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8used for describing the embodiment of the multilayer print circuit boardof the present invention. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show the embodiment of amultilayer print circuit board on which an optical element is mounted(that is, the device for optical communication).

The structure of the embodiment of the multilayer print circuit boardshown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 has been already described above, and thusits description is omitted here.

In the multilayer print circuit board on which the four-channel lightemitting device 138 and the four-channel light receiving device 139 offour channels shown in FIG. 2 are mounted (device for opticalcommunication), it may become possible to transmit optical signals fromthe light emitting device 138 to the optical receiving device 139through an optical path for transmitting an optical signal 142(including optical path converting member 136 and the optical pathmember 135) and the optical waveguide 150. Here, since the optical pathconverting member is disposed in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal, it becomes possible to surely transmit the opticalsignal from the light emitting device to the light receiving device.

In the device for optical communication of this kind on which amultichannel array element is mounted, the diameter of the optical pathconverting member disposed in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal may be determined properly depending on a pitch betweenchannels of the array element and, for example, when using an arrayelement with a pitch of 250 μm, the above-mentioned diameter isdesirably at least about 100 μm and at most about 240 μm, and moredesirably at least about 180 μm and at most about 230 μm. In the case ofan array device with a pitch of 500 μm, for example, the diameter isdesirably at least about 100 μm and at most about 490 μm, and moredesirably at least about 180 μm and at most about 480 μm.

In the multilayer print circuit board shown in FIG. 8 on which the fourchannel light emitting device 238 and the four channel light receivingdevice 239 are mounted (device for optical communication), similarly,optical signals from the light emitting device 238 may be transmitted tothe optical receiving device 239 through the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 242 (including optical path convertingmember 236) and the optical waveguide 250. Here, since the optical pathconverting member is disposed in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal, it becomes possible to surely transmit the opticalsignals from the light emitting device to the light receiving device.

The desired lens diameter of the optical path converting member disposedin the device for optical communication according to the embodiment inFIG. 8 is the same as the described above.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiment ofthe present invention, optical and electrical signal conversion may bemore easily carried out in the light emitting element mounted at aposition close to the IC chip, and therefore, due to the shorttransmission distance of the electrical signal, reliability of signaltransmission becomes excellent, and it may become easier to deal with ahigh speed communication.

In the device for optical communication, when the solder bump 144 isformed at the solder resist layer 134 by interposing a metal platinglayer, it becomes possible to be connected to another external substrateelectrically by interposing this solder bump.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiment ofthe present invention, optical and electrical signal conversion may bemore easily carried out in the light emitting element mounted at aposition close to the IC chip, and therefore, due to the shorttransmission distance of the electrical signal, reliability of signaltransmission becomes excellent, and it may become easier to deal with ahigh speed communication.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiments ofthe present invention which has been described with reference to FIG. 7and FIG. 8, the optical elements are mounted on the multilayer printcircuit board according to the embodiment of the present invention;however, the device for optical communication according to theembodiment of the present invention may also have a configuration inwhich a package substrate having an optical element mounted thereon ismounted on the multilayer print circuit board.

Specifically, for example, an embodiment shown in FIG. 9 may beexemplified.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one example ofthe device for optical communication according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

The device for optical communication in FIG. 9 has almost the samestructure as the device for optical communication in FIG. 7, except thata package substrates having an optical element mounted thereon ismounted instead of the optical elements.

That is, instead of the light emitting device 138, a package substrate1120 having a light emitting device 1138 mounted thereon is mounted, andinstead of the light receiving device 139, a package substrate 1220having a light receiving device 1239 mounted thereon is mounted.

The package substrate 1120 comprises a substrate 1121; a conductorcircuit 1124 and an insulating layer 1122 laminated on both sides of thesubstrate 1121; and a solder resist layer 1134 formed as an outermostlayer, and in part of the insulating layer and the solder resist layer,an optical path for transmitting an optical signal 1142 having a concaveshape is formed. Moreover, the light emitting element 1138 is mountedinside the optical path for transmitting an optical signal 1142 by wirebonding.

Further, the package substrate 1220 comprises a substrate 1221; aconductor circuit 1224 and an insulating layer 1222 laminated on bothsides of the substrate 1221; a solder resist layer 1234 formed as anoutermost layer, an optical path for transmitting an optical signal 1242penetrating through the substrate, the insulating layer and the solderresist layer, and the light receiving device 1239 mounted thereon.Moreover, part of the optical path for transmitting an optical signal1242 is filled in with a resin composition 1247.

In the device for optical communication shown in FIG. 9, a packagesubstrate having an optical path for transmitting an optical signal in aconcave shape is mounted as a package substrate for mounting a lightreceiving document, and a package substrate having an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal penetrating through the whole multilayerprint circuit board is mounted as a package substrate for mounting alight emitting element; however, the package substrates which may bemounted on the device for optical communication of the present inventionare not limited to the above-mentioned combination, and both of thelight receiving element and the light emitting element may be mounted onthe package substrate having an optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal in a concave shape, or both of the light receiving element andthe light emitting element may be mounted on the package substratehaving an optical path for transmitting an optical signal penetratingthrough the whole multilayer print circuit board.

Furthermore, the package substrate is not limited to the one shown inFIG. 9, and may be any package substrate as long as it has aconfiguration capable of transmitting a desired optical signal to themultilayer print circuit board.

The device for optical communication according to the embodiment of thepresent invention has a configuration in which an optical pathconverting member is disposed in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal, and FIGS. 10, 11A and 11B show the devices for opticalcommunication each in an embodiment in which, upon mounting an opticalpath converting member, the optical path converting member is fixed tothe optical path for transmitting an optical signal with an adhesive.

However, in the device for optical communication according to theembodiments of the present invention, upon mounting the optical pathconversion member, the optical path conversion member may be fixed tothe optical element or the sub-mount substrate.

The device for optical communication having this kind of configurationwill be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the device foroptical communication according to one embodiment of the presentinvention, and FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B each is a partial cross-sectionalview schematically showing the device for optical communicationaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

In the device for optical communication 400 shown in FIG. 10, a lightreceiving device 439 and a light emitting device 438 are mounted on themultilayer print circuit board 200 shown in FIG. 8 via solder connectionportion 244, and also an optical path converting member 436 having analmost the same shape as the optical path converting member shown inFIG. 8 is disposed.

The optical path converting member 436 is fixed to the optical elements(light receiving device 439 and light emitting device 438) with anadhesive 461 which is transparent to transmission light. At the oppositeside of the optical path converting member 436 fixed to the opticalelements, an optical path conversion mirror 436 b is formed, and furthera lens 436 a is formed at the side facing an optical waveguide 450 ofthe optical path converting member 436.

Also, in this device for optical communication 400, it becomes possibleto transmit an optical signal between the light emitting device 438 andthe light receiving device.

Here, the portion of the optical path converting member 462 inserted inthe multilayer print circuit board may also be fixed to the wall surfaceof the optical path for transmitting an optical signal with an adhesive.

The adhesive used here may be the same as that used in disposing theoptical path converting member in the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal.

In the device for optical communication according to the embodiments ofthe present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, when mounting the packagesubstrate having the optical elements mounted thereon, the optical pathconverting member may be fixed to the package substrate with anadhesive, and more specifically, in the package substrate having theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal in a concave shape (c.f.package substrate 1120 in FIG. 9), the optical path converting membermay be fixed to an externally extruded portion of the optical path fortransmitting an optical signal, or in the case of the package substratehaving the optical path for transmitting an optical signal penetratingthrough the whole package substrate (package substrate 1220 in FIG. 9),the optical path converting member may be fixed to one end of theoptical path for transmitting an optical element on the side opposite tothe side where the optical element is mounted.

In addition, in providing an optical path conversion member in thedevice for optical communication according to the embodiments of thepresent invention, the optical path conversion member may be provided byinterposing a submount substrate, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

In an example shown in FIG. 11A, a submount substrate 471 is fixed on asolder resist layer 434 by interposing an adhesive 475, and a lightemitting element 429 is mounted on a solder 444 by interposing a pad 472formed on this submount substrate 471. Then, the pad 472 is connectedwith a conductor circuit 424 in a multilayer print circuit board by awire bonding 474.

In addition, a through hole for an optical path 471 a is formed in thesubmount substrate 471, and an optical path conversion member 436 isfixed by interposing an adhesive 461 on the side opposite to the sidewhere the light emitting element 438 is mounted on the submountsubstrate 471.

In addition, a portion is sealed with a resin material 478 transparentto a transmission light so as to cover the submount substrate 471, thelight emitting element 438, and the wire bonding 474.

As thus described, in the device for optical communication according tothe embodiments of the present invention, the optical path conversionmember may be provided by interposing the submount substrate.

Here, a portion where the optical path conversion member 436 is insertedin the multilayer print circuit board may be fixed on the wall surfaceof an optical path transmitting region by interposing an adhesive.

In addition, in an example shown in FIG. 11B, a submount substrate 471is mounted on a solder resist layer 434, and a light emitting element438 is mounted on a solder 444 by interposing a pad formed on thissubmount substrate 471. Then, a pad is extended also on the side face ofthe submount substrate, and this pad 472 on the side face is connectedwith a conductor circuit 424 in the multilayer print circuit board by asolder 476. Here, the submount substrate 471 itself is fixed by thesolder 476.

In addition, a through hole for an optical path 471 a is formed in thesubmount substrate 471, and an optical path conversion member 436 isformed by interposing an adhesive 461 on the side opposite to the sidewhere the light emitting element 438 is mounted on the submountsubstrate 471 is fixed.

In the device for optical communication of the present invention, theconfiguration in which the optical path conversion member is provided byinterposing the submount substrate may be a configuration shown in FIG.11B.

The above-described submount substrate is not particularly limited, andexamples thereof include a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a resinsubstrate, and the like.

In addition, a through hole for an optical path is formed in a submountsubstrate illustrated, but this through hole for an optical path may notbe formed in the case where the submount substrate itself is transparentto a transmission light. In addition, the through hole for an opticalpath may be filled in with a resin composite.

In addition, in FIGS. 11A and 11B, conduction between an optical elementand a multilayer print circuit board is adjusted by wire bonding, andsoldering that has been carried out on the side face of a submountsubstrate. In the case where the submount substrate is attached to themultilayer print circuit board, a pad for mounting the optical elementand a pad connected via a through hole may be formed beforehand on theside opposite to the side where an optical element is mounted in thesubmount substrate, the multilayer print circuit board may be connectedby interposing solder by using this pad using a soldering technique suchas BGA and CSP, and the conduction between the optical element and themultilayer print circuit board may be adjusted.

Next, a manufacturing method of the device for optical communicationaccording to embodiments of the present invention is explained.

The device for optical communication according to the embodiment of thepresent invention can be manufactured by manufacturing the multilayerprint circuit board according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, and then mounting an optical element or a package substratemounting an optical elements on this multilayer print circuit board viasolder or the like.

Specifically, the optical element or the package substrate, and asubstrate for a mother board on which solder bumps are disposed atpredetermined positions and at predetermined directions so as to faceone another, and then the both are connected by reflow.

After mounting the optical elements or the package substrates, ifnecessary, underfill may also be formed.

The device for optical communication of the present invention has beendescribed in the above, and as the same with the multilayer printcircuit board of the present invention, the multilayer print circuitboard forming the device for optical communication of the presentinvention and the package substrate mounted on the multilayer printcircuit board may not necessarily comprise a substrate, and a conductorcircuit and an insulating layer formed and laminated on both sides ofthe substrate, and may comprise a laminated body formed only by aconductor circuit and an insulating layer which are formed andlaminated, or may comprise a substrate, and an a conductor circuit andan insulating layer formed and laminated on only one side of thesubstrate.

In other words, the above-mentioned multilayer print circuit board andpackage substrate may be formed to have an embodiment in which asubstrate is present or not present (core less structure).

EXAMPLES

In the following, the present invention is described in further detail.

Example 1

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

Using optical glass having a transmittance of 99%/10 mm for light havinga wavelength of 850 nm, a refractive index of 1.89 and a softening pointtemperature of 498° C., an optical path converting member and an opticalpath member were manufactured by an injection molding machine.

Specifically, the optical glass was melted at 650° C., and the moltenglass was injected at an injection speed of 100 mm/sec into a mold madeof SiC which is in a state of an upper die and a lower die joiningtogether, and cooled to room temperature after injection was completed.The optical glass was taken out of the patterns, extra portions wereground off so that an optical path converting member 136 and an opticalpath member 135 were manufactured (see FIG. 7).

B. Manufacture of Resin Film for Insulating Layer

A bisphenol A type epoxy resin (equivalent of epoxy 469, Epikote 1001,made by Yuka Shell Epoxy K.K.) (30 parts by weight), cresol novolac typeepoxy resin (equivalent of epoxy 215, Epiclon N-673, made by DainipponInk & Chemicals, Inc.) (40 parts by weight) and phenol novolac resincontaining triazine structure (equivalent of phenolic hydroxy group 120,Phenolite KA-7052, made by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) (30 parts byweight) were heated and melted in 20 parts by weight of ethyl diglycolacetate and 20 parts by weight of a naphtha solvent while stirring, and15 parts by weight of polybutadiene rubber with a terminal converted toepoxy (DENAREX R-45EPT, made by Nagase Chemicals Ltd.), 1.5 parts byweight of pulverized 2-phenyl-4, 5-bis(hydroxymethyl)imidazole, 2 partsby weight of finely pulverized silica and 0.5 part by weight of asilicone based antifoaming agent were added thereto to prepare an epoxyresin composition.

The obtained epoxy resin composition was applied to the top of a PETfilm having a thickness of 38 μm using a roll coater, so that thethickness after drying became 50 μm, and then dried for ten minutes at80° C. to 120° C. and thereby, a resin film for an insulating layer wasmanufactured.

C. Preparation of Resin Composition for Filling Through Holes

A bisphenol F type epoxy monomer (molecular weight: 310, YL983U, made byYuka Shell Epoxy K.K.) (100 parts by weight), SiO₂ particles inspherical form (CRS 1101-CE, made by ADTEC Corp.) (170 parts by weight)of which the surface is coated with a silane coupling agent, the averageparticle diameter is 1.6 μm and the diameter of the largest particles is15 μm or less, and a leveling agent (Perenol S4, made by San Nopco Co.,Ltd.) (1.5 parts by weight) were put in a container and mixed throughstirring, and thereby, a resin filling of which the viscosity is 45 Pa·sto 49 Pa·s at 23±1° C. was prepared. Here, 6.5 parts by weight of animidazole curing agent (2E4MZ-CN, made by Shikoku Corp.) was used as acuring agent.

D. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

(1) A copper pasted multilayer plate where copper foil 28 having athickness of 18 μm is laminated on both sides of an insulating substrate21 made of a glass epoxy resin or a BT (bismaleimide triazine) resinhaving a thickness of 0.4 mm was used as a starting material (see FIG.12A). First, holes were drilled in this copper pasted multilayer plate,an electroless plating process was carried out, and etching was carriedout so as to form a pattern, and thus, conductor circuits 24 and anon-penetrating via hole 27 were formed on both sides of the substrate21.

(2) The substrate where the non-penetrating via hole 27 and theconductor circuits 24 were formed was washed with water and dried, andthereafter, a blackening process using a solution including NaOH (10g/L), NaClO₂ (40 g/L) and Na₃PO₄ (6 g/L) for a blackening bath(oxidation bath) and a reduction process using a solution including NaOH(10 g/L) and NaBH₄ (6 g/L) for a reduction bath were carried out, and acoarse surface (not shown) was formed on the surface of the conductorcircuits 24 including the non-penetrating via hole 27 (see FIG. 12B).

(3) After the preparation of the resin filling described in the above B,and within 24 hours after preparation thereof, a layer of a resinfilling 30′ was formed in a conductor circuits non-forming portionwithin the non-penetrating via hole 27 and on one side of the substrate21, and also formed on the outer periphery portion of the conductorcircuits 24, using the method described below.

That is to say, first, a squeegee was used to push the resin fillinginto the through hole, and after that, the resin filling was dried underconditions of 100° C. for 20 minutes. Next, a mask having openings inportions corresponding to the conductor circuits non-forming portion wasplaced on the substrate and the conductor circuits non-forming portionsin a recess shape were formed were filled in with a resin filling usinga squeegee, and the resin filling was dried under conditions of 100° C.for 20 minutes, and thereby, a layer of resin filling 30′ was formed(see FIG. 12C).

(4) One side of the substrate after the above-described process (3) wasground through belt sander grinding using belt grinding paper #600 (madeby Sankyo Rikagaku Co., Ltd.), so that no resin filling 30′ was left onthe surface of the conductor circuits 24 nor the land surface of thenon-penetrating via hole 27, and then, buff grinding was carried out inorder to remove scratches created as a result of the above-describedbelt sander grinding. This grinding sequence was carried out in the samemanner on the opposite side of the substrate.

Next, heat treatment was carried out for one hour at 100° C., threehours at 120° C., one hour at 150° C. and seven hours at 180° C., andthereby, a resin filling layer 30 was formed.

In this manner, an insulating substrate was gained, where the surfacelayer portion of the resin filling material 30 formed in thenon-penetrating via hole 27 and in the conductor circuits non-formingportions, and the surface of the conductor circuits 24 were flattened,the resin filling material 30 and the side surfaces of the conductorcircuits 24 adhered firmly to each other via the coarse surface (notshown), and the inner wall surface of the non-penetrating via hole 27and the resin filling material 30 adhered firmly to each other via thecoarse surface (not shown) (see FIG. 12D). In this process, the surfaceof the resin filling material 30 and the surface of the conductorcircuits 24 were made in the same plane.

(5) The above-described substrate was washed with water, and after aciddegreasing, soft etching was carried out, and then, an etchant wassprayed onto both sides of the substrate so that the surface of theconductor circuit 24, and the land surface and inner wall of thenon-penetrating via hole 27 were etched, and thereby, a coarse surface(not shown) was formed on the entirety of the surface of the conductorcircuit 24. As the etchant, an etchant (MECetchBOND, made by MEC Co.,Ltd.) including 10 parts by weight of a imidazole copper (II) complex, 7parts by weight of glycolic acid and 5 parts by weight of potassiumchloride was used.

(6) Next, a resin film for an insulating layer which is a little largerthan the substrate manufactured in the above-described A was placed onthe substrate, temporarily pressure-bonded thereto under such conditionsthat the pressure was 0.4 MPa, the temperature was 80° C. and thepress-bonding time was 10 seconds, and the edges were trimmed, and afterthat, the film was pasted using a vacuum laminating apparatus inaccordance with the following method, and thereby, an insulating layer22 was formed (see FIG. 12E).

That is to say, the resin film for an insulating layer was permanentlypressure-bonded to the substrate under such conditions that the degreeof vacuum was 65 Pa, the pressure was 0.4 MPa, the temperature was 80°C. and the press-bonding time was 60 seconds, and after that,thermosetting was carried out at 170° C. for 30 minutes.

(7) Next, openings 26 for via holes having a diameter of 80 μm wereformed in the insulating layer 22 through a mask having a thickness of1.2 mm with through holes corresponding to the openings placed on theinsulating layers 22, and using a CO₂ gas laser having a wavelength of10.4 μm, under such conditions that the beam diameter was 4.0 mm, thelaser was in a top hat mode, a pulse width was 8.0 μs, the diameter ofthrough holes in the mask was 1.0 mm, and the laser was shot once foreach opening (see FIG. 13A).

(8) The substrate where the openings 26 for via holes were formed wasimmersed in a solution including 60 g/L of permanganic acid at 80° C.for 10 minutes, so that the epoxy resin particles on the surface of theinsulating layers 22 were dissolved and removed, and thereby, a coarsesurface (not shown) was formed on the surface of the substrate,including the inner wall surface of the openings 26 for via holes.

(9) Next, the substrate after the above-described process was immersedin a neutral solution (made by Shipley Co., Ltd.) and then washed withwater.

Furthermore, a palladium catalyst was provided on the surface of thissubstrate on which a surface roughening treatment (depth of coarseness:3 μm) was carried out, and thus, catalyst nuclei were attached to thesurface of the insulating layers 22 (including the inner wall surface ofthe openings 26 for via holes) (not shown). That is to say, thesubstrate was immersed in a catalyst solution including palladiumchloride (PdCl₂) and stannous chloride (SnCl₂) so that a palladium metalwas deposited, and thus, a catalyst was provided.

(10) Next, the substrate was immersed in an electroless copper platingsolution having the following composition, and thin film conductorlayers (electroless copper plating films) 32 having a thickness of 0.6μm to 3.0 μm were formed on the surface of the insulating layers 22(including the inner wall surface of the openings 26 for via holes) (seeFIG. 13B).

[Electroless Plating Solution]

NiSO₄ 0.003 mol/L Tartaric acid 0.200 mol/L Copper sulfate 0.030 mol/LHCHO 0.050 mol/L NaOH 0.100 mol/L α,α′-bipyridyl 100 mg/L Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 0.10 g/L[Conditions for Electroless Plating]

Solution temperature of 30° C. for 40 minutes

(11) Next, commercially available photosensitive dry films were pastedto the substrate on which thin film conductor layers (electroless copperplating films) 32 were formed, and the substrate was exposed to light of100 mJ/cm² with a mask placed thereon, and then, a development processwas carried out in a solution of 0.8% sodium carbonate, and thereby,plating resists 23 were provided (see FIG. 13C).

(12) Subsequently, the substrate was washed with water at 50° C. tocarry out degreasing thereon, and then washed with water at 25° C.,further washed with sulfuric acid, followed by electrolytic platingunder the following conditions, and thereby electrolytic copper platingfilms 33 were formed in the plating resists 23 non-forming portions (seeFIG. 13D).

[Electrolytic Plating Solution]

Sulfuric acid 2.24 mol/L Copper sulfate 0.26 mol/L Additive 19.5 ml/L(Copperacid HL, made by Atotech Japan K.K.)[Conditions for Electrolytic Plating]

Current density 1 A/dm² Time 65 minutes Temperature 22 ± 2° C.

(13) Furthermore, the plating resists 23 were removed through peelingwith 5% NaOH, and after that, the thin film conductor layers beneaththese plating resists 23 were dissolved and removed through an etchingprocess using a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide,and thus, conductor circuits 24 (including non-penetrating via holes 27)formed of thin film conductor layers (electroless copper plating films)and electrolytic copper plating films were formed (see FIG. 14A). Here,the conductor circuits formed of thin film conductor layers andelectrolytic copper plating films are shown in a form of one layer.

(14) Next, using the same etching solution as used in the above process(5), a rough surface (not shown) was formed on the surface of theconductor circuit 24, and in the same manner as in the above processes(6) and (7), an insulating layer 22 having an opening for a via hole(not shown) was laminated (see FIG. 14B).

(15) Next, an optical waveguide 50 having four cores in parallel on oneside (lower side in the figure) of the insulating layer was formed inthe following method (see FIG. 14C).

First, an acrylic resin (refractive index 1.52, transmittance 91%/mm) asthe resin for forming a core, and an acrylic resin as the resin forforming a clad (refractive index 1.50, transmittance 91%/mm) wereprepared.

Next, the resin for forming a clad was applied onto one side face of thesubstrate by using a spin coater (10 seconds at 300 rpm and 2 seconds at3000 rpm), prebaked for 10 minutes at 100° C., exposed at 2000 mJ, andpostbaked for 1 hour at 150° C., and thus a lower clad 52 of 75 μm inthickness was formed.

Next, on the lower clad, the resin for forming a core was applied usinga spin coater (10 seconds at 300 rpm and 2 seconds at 3000 rpm),prebaked for 10 minutes at 100° C., exposed at 1000 mJ, developed in a1% TMAH aqueous solution, and postbaked for 1 hour at 150° C. and thuscores 51 of a width of 75 μm and a thickness of 75 μm were formed infour rows.

Further, the resin for forming a clad was applied by using a spin coater(10 seconds at 300 rpm and 2 seconds at 3000 rpm), prebaked for 10minutes at 100° C., exposed at 2000 mJ, and postbaked for 1 hour at 150°C. so that an upper clad 52 of 50 μm in thickness was formed on the coreso that the optical waveguides 50 comprising the core and the cladhaving a total thickness of 175 μm was prepared.

(16) By the same method as in the processes of (6) to (13), theinsulating layer 22, the conductor circuit 24, and the via hole (notshown) were formed and laminated (see FIGS. 15A, 15B, 15C and 16A).

Further, in the same method as in the above process (5), oxidation andreduction treatment was carried out so that the conductor circuit 24 hada rough surface (not shown).

(17) Next, a solder resist composition (RPZ-1 manufactured by HitachiKasei Co.) was applied on the insulating layers at both sides of thesubstrate, and dried in the condition of 70° C. for 20 minutes and 70°C. for 30 minutes, and a solder resist composition layer 34′ was formed(see FIG. 16B).

(18) Next, a photo mask having a thickness of 5 mm where patterns ofopenings for forming solder bumps were drawn was made to make contactwith the layer 34′ of a transparent solder resist composition on the ICchip mounted side, and then exposed to ultraviolet rays of 1000 mJ/cm²,and a development process was carried out using a DMTG solution so thatthe openings were formed.

Furthermore, heat treatment was carried out under conditions of 80° C.for one hour, 100° C. for one hour, 120° C. for one hour and 150° C. forthree hours, respectively, so that the layers of a solder resistcomposition cured, and thus, solder resist layers 34 having opticalpaths for transmitting an optical signal 42 and openings for formingsolder bumps 48 having a predetermined shape were formed.

(19) After that, the substrate was immersed in an electroless nickelplating solution having a pH of 4.5 and including nickel chloride(2.3×10⁻¹ mol/L), sodium hypophosphite (2.8×10⁻¹ mol/L) and sodiumcitrate (1.6×10⁻¹ mol/L) for 20 minutes, and thus, nickel plating layershaving a thickness of 5 μm were formed in the openings for formingsolder bumps 48. Furthermore, this substrate was immersed in anelectroless gold plating solution including gold potassium cyanide(7.6×10⁻³ mol/L), ammonium chloride (1.9×10⁻¹ mol/L), sodium citrate(1.2×10⁻¹ mol/L) and sodium hypophosphite (1.7×10⁻¹ mol/L) underconditions of 80° C. for 7.5 minutes, and thus, gold plating layershaving a thickness of 0.03 μm were formed on the nickel plating layersfor the formation of solder pads 41 (see FIG. 17A).

(20) Next, by drilling, a through hole for an optical path 31(rectangular form (220 μm×1200 μm) with round corners in a plan view),substrate 21, the insulating layer 22, and the solder resist layer 34was formed, and a desmearing treatment was carried out on the wallsurface of the through hole for an optical path 31 (see FIG. 17B). Inthis case, the through hole for an optical path 31 having a collectivethrough hole structure is formed.

(21) Next, while performing positioning, the optical path convertingmember 36 was installed in the through hole for an optical path 31 byusing a suction jig, and then temporarily fixed by applying a UV curingtype epoxy resin adhesive (refractive index 1.43, transmittance 90%/mm)on its periphery and irradiating UV light.

Positioning was performed in the following method in each through holefor an optical path (a through hole for an optical path on the sidewhere the VCSEL is mounted in a later process, and a through hole for anoptical path on the side where PD is mounted).

That is, first, in the through hole for an optical path at VCSEL side,an optical path converting member was inserted on the basis of theposition of the pad for mounting the VCSEL, and light was irradiated tothis optical path converting member and the light coming out through theoptical waveguide was received by a light receiving device attached tothe through hole for an optical path at the PD side so that the opticalpath converting member to be provided in the through hole for an opticalpath on the VCSEL side was positioned. Thereafter, an optical pathconverting member was inserted in the through hole for an optical pathon the VCSEL side, and again light was irradiated from the VCSEL side,and by receiving the light through the optical path converting memberinserted in the through hole for an optical path on the PD side,positioning of the optical path converting member provided in thethrough hole for an optical path at the PD side was performed.

In the same manner as above, the optical path member 35 was temporarilyfixed in the through hole for an optical path 31, and thereafter theentire through hole for an optical path 31 was filled with the epoxyresin adhesive, and further heated for 1 hour at 150° C. so that theadhesive was completely cured (see FIG. 18A).

(22) Next, a solder paste was printed in an opening for forming a solderbump 48 formed in the solder resist layer 34 (see FIG. 18B), and a lightemitting unit of the light emitting device was mounted while positioningand reflowing at 200° C. was performed so that the light emitting deviceand the light receiving device were mounted, and at the same time asolder bump 37 was formed in an opening for forming a solder bump 48.

Through those processes, a device for optical communication was obtained(see FIG. 7).

The light emitting device used herein was a four-channel VCSEL with apitch of 250 μm which can be driven at 3.125 Gbps, and the lightreceiving device used herein was a four-channel PD with a pitch of 250μm which can be driven at 3.125 Gbps.

The thickness of the whole multilayer print circuit board was 0.73 mm,and the distance from the surface side mounting the optical element ofthe multilayer print circuit board to the core was 0.6 mm.

Example 2

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

A glass piece comprising optical glass having a transmittance of 99%/10mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, a refractive index of 1.89and a softening point temperature of 498° C. was prepared, and bypressing this glass piece using a die press, an optical path convertingmember and an optical path member in the same shape as in Example 1 weremanufactured.

Specifically, the optical glass piece was heated to 500° C., and pressedby an upper die and a lower die made of SiC (pressure: 12 kN), andcooled to room temperature. Next, the glass piece was taken out of thepatterns, and extra portions were ground off so that an optical pathconverting member and an optical path member were manufactured.

B. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in the process D of Example 1, except that the optical pathconverting member and the optical path member manufactured in the aboveprocess A were used.

Example 3

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, upon mounting the optical path convertingmember and the optical path member in the process corresponding to theprocess D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive was applied only to the sidesurfaces of the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember for mounting them.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the gap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember is filled in with air (refractive index: 1.0, difference inrefractive index from optical path converting member: 0.89).

Example 4

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess A of Example 1, the optical path converting member and theoptical path member were manufactured by using optical glass having atransmittance of 99%/10 mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.63 and a softening point temperature of 343° C.,at a melting temperature of 550° C., and that, upon mounting the opticalpath converting member and the optical path member in the processcorresponding to the process D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive wasapplied only to the side surfaces of the optical path converting memberand the optical path member for mounting them.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the gap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember is filled in with air (refractive index: 1.0, difference inrefractive index from optical path converting member: 0.63).

Example 5

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having a refractive index of1.38 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.51.

Example 6

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having a refractive index of1.44 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.45.

Example 7

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having a refractive index of1.38 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.32.

Example 8

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess A of Example 1, the optical path converting member and theoptical path member were manufactured by using optical glass having atransmittance of 99%/10 mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.63 and a softening point temperature of 343° C.,at a melting temperature of 550° C., and that, in the processcorresponding to the process D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having arefractive index of 1.42 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.21.

Example 9

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.20.

Example 10

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.44 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.19.

Example 11

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.45 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.18.

Example 12

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess A of Example 1, the optical path converting member and theoptical path member were manufactured by using optical glass having atransmittance of 99%/10 mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.57 and a softening point temperature of 343° C.,at a melting temperature of 550° C., and that, in the processcorresponding to the process D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having arefractive index of 1.40 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.17.

Example 13

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.47 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.16.

Example 14

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess A of Example 1, the optical path converting member and theoptical path member were manufactured by using optical glass having atransmittance of 99%/10 mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.53 and a softening point temperature of 285° C.,at a melting temperature of 500° C., and that, in the processcorresponding to the process D (21) of Example 1, an adhesive having arefractive index of 1.38 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.15.

Example 15

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 12, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.14.

Example 16

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 14, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.40 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.13.

Example 17

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 14, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.45 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.08.

Example 18

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

A resin piece comprising thermosetting epoxy resin having atransmittance of 93%/mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.64 and a thermal deformation temperature of 50 to290° C. was used, and by using a glass element molding machine, anoptical path converting member and an optical path member having theshape as in Example 1 were manufactured.

Specifically, the resin piece was heated to 220° C., and pressed by anupper die and a lower die made of SiC (pressure: 17 kN), and cooled toroom temperature. Next, the resin piece was taken out of the patterns,and extra portions were ground off so that an optical path convertingmember and an optical path member were manufactured.

B. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras the process D of Example 1, except that the optical path convertingmember and the optical path member manufactured in the above process Awere used, and that an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.38 and atransmittance of 90%/mm was used for fixing them.

Example 19

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

Thermoplastic acrylic resin having a transmittance of 91%/mm for lighthaving a wavelength of 850 nm, a refractive index of 1.61 and asoftening point temperature of 80° C. was used, and by using aninjection molding machine, an optical path converting member and anoptical path member having the same shape as in Example 1 weremanufactured.

Specifically, the acrylic resin was melted at 170° C., and the moltenresin was injected at an injection speed of 150 mm/sec into a mold madeof SiC which is in a state of an upper die and a lower die joiningtogether, and cooled to room temperature after injection was completed.Next, the resin piece was taken out of the patterns, and extra portionswere ground off so that an optical path converting member and an opticalpath member were manufactured.

B. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras the process D of Example 1, except that the optical path convertingmember and the optical path member manufactured in the above process Awere used, and that an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.39 and atransmittance of 90%/mm was used for fixing them.

Example 20

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 18, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.21.

Example 21

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 18, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.44 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.20.

Example 22

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 18, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.45 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.19.

Example 23

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

A resin piece comprising thermosetting epoxy resin having atransmittance of 93%/mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.57 and a thermal deformation temperature of 50 to290° C. was used, and by using a glass element molding machine, anoptical path converting member and an optical path member having theshape as in Example 1 were manufactured.

Specifically, the resin piece was heated to 220° C., and pressed by anupper die and a lower die made of SiC (pressure: 17 kN), and cooled toroom temperature. Next, the resin piece was taken out of the patterns,and extra portions were ground off so that an optical path convertingmember and an optical path member were manufactured.

B. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras the process D of Example 1, except that the optical path convertingmember and the optical path member manufactured in the above process Awere used, and that an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.39 and atransmittance of 90%/mm was used for fixing them.

Example 24

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 19, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.44 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.17.

Example 25

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 23, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.40 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.17.

Example 26

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 23, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.41 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.16.

Example 27

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 23, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.42 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.15.

Example 28

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 23, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.14.

Example 29

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 23, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.44 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.13.

Example 30

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member and Optical Path Member

A resin piece comprising thermosetting epoxy resin having atransmittance of 93%/mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.52 and a thermal deformation temperature of 50 to290° C. was used, and by using a glass element molding machine, anoptical path converting member and an optical path member having theshape as in Example 1 were manufactured.

Specifically, the resin piece was heated to 220° C., and pressed by anupper die and a lower die made of SiC (pressure: 17 kN), and cooled toroom temperature. Next, the resin piece was taken out of the patterns,and extra portions were ground off so that an optical path convertingmember and an optical path member were manufactured.

B. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras the process D of Example 1, except that the optical path convertingmember and the optical path member manufactured in the above process Awere used, and that an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.40 and atransmittance of 90%/mm was used for fixing them.

Example 31

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 30, except that an adhesive having a refractive index of1.45 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.07.

Example 32

A. Manufacture of Optical Path Converting Member

Using optical glass having a transmittance of 99%/10 mm for light havinga wavelength of 850 nm, a refractive index of 1.63 and a softening pointtemperature of 343° C., an optical path converting member wasmanufactured by an injection molding machine.

Specifically, the optical glass was melted at 550° C., and the moltenglass was injected at an injection speed of 100 mm/sec into a mold madeof SiC which is in a state of an upper die and a lower die joiningtogether, and cooled to room temperature after injection was completed.The optical glass was taken out of the patterns, extra portions wereground off so that an optical path converting member was manufactured(see FIG. 8).

B. Manufacture of Resin Film for Insulating Layer

A resin film for insulating layer was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1.

C. Manufacture of Resin Composition for Filling Through Holes

A resin composition for filling through holes was manufactured in thesame manner as in Example 1.

D. Manufacture of Device for Optical Communication

(1) Using a copper pasted multilayer plate where copper foil having athickness of 18 μm is laminated on both sides of an insulating substrate721 made of a glass epoxy resin or a BT (bismaleimide triazine) resinhaving a thickness of 0.4 mm was used as a starting material, aconductor circuit 724 and an insulating layer 722 were formed andlaminated on both sides of the substrate in the same manner as in theprocesses (1) to (13) of Example 1 (see FIG. 19A). Here, on one side ofthe substrate (upper side in the drawings), two layers of conductorcircuits were formed, and on the other side (lower side in thedrawings), one layer of a conductor circuit was formed.

(2) An optical waveguide 750 was formed on the insulating layer on oneside (lower side in the drawings), and further an insulating layer 722was formed on the other side. Here, the optical waveguide was formed inthe same manner as in the process (15) of Example 1 (see FIG. 19B).

(3) Next, by repeating the same processes as the processes (6) to (13)of Example 1, the insulating layer 722 and the conductor circuit 724(including non-penetrating via hole 727) were formed and laminated, andin the same manner as in the process (2) in Example 1, a rough surfacewas formed on the surface of the conductor circuit (see FIG. 19C).

(4) In the same manner as in the processes (17), (18) of Example 1, asolder resist layer 734 was formed, and further in the same manner as inthe process (19) of example 1, a solder pad 741 was formed (see FIG.20A).

(5) After that, a bottomed hole for an optical path 731 which penetratesthrough the substrate 721, the insulating layers 722 and the solderresist layer 734 (the form in a plan view was a rectangle with roundedcorners (220 μm in length×1200 μm in width)) was formed through adrilling process, and furthermore, a desmear process was carried out onthe wall surface of the bottomed hole for an optical path 731 (see FIG.20B). In this case, the bottomed hole for an optical path 731 having acollective through hole structure was formed.

(6) Next, while performing positioning, the optical path convertingmember 736 was installed in the bottomed hole for an optical path 731 byusing a suction jig, and then temporarily fixed by applying a UV curingtype epoxy resin adhesive (refractive index 1.42, transmittance 90%/mm)on its periphery and irradiating UV light.

Positioning was performed in each bottomed hole for an optical path (abottomed hole for an optical path on the side where the VCSEL is mountedin a later process, and a bottomed hole for an optical path on the sidewhere PD is mounted).

Further, the entire bottomed hole for an optical path 731 was filled inwith the epoxy resin adhesive, and heated for 1 hour at 150° C. so thatthe adhesive was completely cured (see FIG. 21A).

(7) Lastly, in the same manner as the process (22) of Example 1, asolder bump was formed, and also VCSEL and PD were mounted so that adevice for optical communication was obtained (see FIG. 21B).

Here, the thickness of the whole multilayer print circuit board was 0.6mm, and the distance from the surface side mounting the optical elementof the multilayer print circuit board to the core was 0.4 mm.

Example 33

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 32, except that, in the process corresponding to theprocess A of Example 32, the optical path converting member in the sameshape as shown in FIG. 8 was manufactured by the same method as inExample 18, and that, in the process corresponding to the process D (6)of Example 32, an adhesive having a refractive index of 1.43 and atransmittance of 90%/mm was used.

In the device for optical communication manufactured in this example,the difference in refractive index between the adhesive applied in thegap between the optical path converting member and the optical pathmember, and the optical path converting member was 0.21.

Example 34

An optical path converting member 550 having a shape as shown in FIGS.3F-1 and 3F-2 was manufactured in the same manner as in the process A ofExample 32.

Thereafter, a device for optical communication was manufactured in thesame manner as in Example 8, except that the optical path convertingmember 550 was mounted.

For mounting the optical path converting member 550, a thorough hole foran optical path penetrating entirely through the substrate, theinsulating layer, and the solder resist layer was formed in advance, andthe optical path converting member 550 was installed in this throughhole for an optical path.

Here, when the length of a mounting member is set to the predeterminedlength upon manufacturing, the optical path converting member having aflange member as used in this Example can be easily disposed at apredetermined position only by aligning in the XY direction, withoutpositioning in the Z-axis direction when disposing.

Example 35

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 34, except that the optical path converting member 550having a shape as shown in FIGS. 3F-1 and 3F-2 was manufactured by thesame method as in Example 18, and that an adhesive having a refractiveindex of 1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used as an adhesive forfixing this optical path converting member.

Example 36

An optical path converting member 560 having a shape as shown in FIGS.1-3G-1 and 1-3G-2 was manufactured in the same manner as in the processA of Example 32.

Here, the diameter of the guide hole was set to 0.7 mm.

Thereafter, a device for optical communication was manufactured in thesame manner as in Example 8, except that the optical path convertingmember 560 was mounted.

For mounting the optical path converting member 560, a thorough hole foran optical path penetrating entirely through the substrate, theinsulating layer, and the solder resist layer was formed in advance, andthe optical path converting member 560 was installed in this throughhole for an optical path. Moreover, upon forming the through hole for anoptical path, a guide hole on the substrate side was also formed.

In the case where the optical path converting member can be mounted witha guide pin as in this Example, the optical path converting member canbe disposed at a predetermined position by passive alignment.

Example 37

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 36, except that the optical path converting member 560having a shape as shown in FIGS. 3G-1 and 3G-2 was manufactured by thesame method as in Example 18, and that an adhesive having a refractiveindex of 1.43 and a transmittance of 90%/mm was used as an adhesive forfixing this optical path converting member.

Example 38

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that a package substrate mounting a VCSEL and apackage substrate mounting a PD were used instead of the VCSEL and thePD.

The package substrate used here was a package substrate 1220 in which aconductor circuit 1224 and an insulating layer 1722 were laminated onboth sides of the substrate 1221 shown in FIG. 9; a solder resist layer1234 was formed as the outermost layer; and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 1242 penetrating through the substrate,the insulating layer, and the solder resist layer was formed.

Example 39

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 20, except that a package substrate mounting a VCSEL and apackage substrate mounting a PD were used instead of the VCSEL and thePD.

The package substrate used here was a package substrate 1220 in which aconductor circuit 1224 and an insulating layer 1722 were laminated onboth sides of the substrate 1221 shown in FIG. 9; a solder resist layer1234 was formed as the outermost layer; and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 1242 penetrating through the substrate,the insulating layer, and the solder resist layer was formed.

Example 40

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 8, except that a package substrate mounting a VCSEL and apackage substrate mounting a PD were used instead of the VCSEL and thePD.

The package substrate used here was a package substrate 1120 in which aconductor circuit 1124 and an insulating layer 1122 were laminated onboth sides of the substrate 1221 shown in FIG. 9; a solder resist layer1134 was formed as the outermost layer; and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 1142 having a concave shape is formed inpart of the insulating layer and the solder resist layer.

Example 41

A device for optical communication was manufactured in the same manneras in Example 20, except that a package substrate mounting a VCSEL and apackage substrate mounting a PD were used instead of the VCSEL and thePD.

The package substrate used here was a package substrate 1120 in which aconductor circuit 1124 and an insulating layer 1122 were laminated onboth sides of the substrate 1221 shown in FIG. 9; a solder resist layer1134 was formed as the outermost layer; and an optical path fortransmitting an optical signal 1142 having a concave shape is formed inpart of the insulating layer and the solder resist layer.

In each of the devices for optical communication in Examples 1 to 41,the transmission distance of an optical signal between the VCSEL and thePD was designed to be set to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm, and threesamples of each transmission distance were manufactured.

In these devices for optical communication, a signal of pulse generatorwas input to a test connector provided in the device for opticalcommunication, a driver IC was driven, and the signal waselectro-optically converted by the VCSEL, and then the optical signalwas transferred to the PD through the optical path for transmitting anoptical signal (optical path member and optical path converting member),the optical waveguide, and the optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal (optical path converting member and optical path member) so thatthe signal was photo-electrically converted in the PD, and theelectrical signal was amplified by an amplifier IC, and thereafter thewaveform of the signal output via the test connector was checked by anoscilloscope.

Here, the waveform output at a propagation speed of 2.5 Gbps was testedby mask inspection of the eye pattern, and the signal transmissioncapability was judged by checking whether the transmission was normal ornot.

The specific design of each device for optical communication (dimensionsnecessary for transmitting signals such as thickness of substrate andinsulating layer, dimensions of optical path for transmitting an opticalsignal, optical path converting member and optical path member, size oflens provided in the optical path converting member, radius ofcurvature, and the like) was determined to be the optimum values in eachexample by carrying out simulations using a ray tracing method.

The results are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

TABLE 1 Refractive index Material of of optical Refractive index opticalpath path Refractive Refractive ratio of optical converting convertingindex of index path converting Optical signal transmission distancemember, etc. member, etc. adhesive difference member and adhesive 10 cm20 cm 30 cm 40 cm 50 cm Example 1 glass 1.89 1.43 0.46 1.322 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 2 glass 1.89 1.43 0.46 1.322 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 3 glass 1.89 1.000.89 1.890 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 4 glass 1.63 1.00 0.63 1.630 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 5 glass 1.89 1.38 0.51 1.370 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 6 glass 1.89 1.440.45 1.313 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 7 glass 1.89 1.57 0.32 1.204 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 8 glass 1.63 1.42 0.21 1.148 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 9 glass 1.63 1.430.20 1.140 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 10 glass 1.63 1.44 0.19 1.132 ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ XExample 11 glass 1.63 1.45 0.18 1.124 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 12 glass 1.571.40 0.17 1.121 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 13 glass 1.63 1.47 0.16 1.109 ◯ ◯ ◯ XX Example 14 glass 1.53 1.38 0.15 1.109 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 15 glass 1.571.43 0.14 1.098 ◯ ◯ Δ X X Example 16 glass 1.53 1.40 0.13 1.093 ◯ Δ X XX Example 17 glass 1.53 1.45 0.08 1.055 Δ X X X X Example 18 epoxy resin1.64 1.38 0.26 1.188 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 19 acrylic resin 1.61 1.39 0.221.158 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 20 epoxy resin 1.64 1.43 0.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 21 epoxy resin 1.64 1.44 0.20 1.139 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 22 epoxyresin 1.64 1.45 0.19 1.131 ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ X Example 23 epoxy resin 1.57 1.390.18 1.129 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 24 acrylic resin 1.61 1.44 0.17 1.118 ◯ ◯ ◯X X Example 25 epoxy resin 1.57 1.40 0.17 1.121 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 26epoxy resin 1.57 1.41 0.16 1.113 ◯ ◯ ◯ X X Example 27 epoxy resin 1.571.42 0.15 1.106 ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ X Example 28 epoxy resin 1.57 1.43 0.14 1.098 ◯◯ Δ X X Example 29 epoxy resin 1.57 1.44 0.13 1.090 Δ Δ X X X Example 30epoxy resin 1.52 1.40 0.12 1.086 ◯ Δ X X X Example 31 epoxy resin 1.521.45 0.07 1.048 Δ X X X X

TABLE 2 Refractive Material of index of Refractive index optical pathoptical path Refractive Refractive ratio of optical convertingconverting index of index path converting Optical signal transmissiondistance member, etc. member, etc. adhesive difference member andadhesive 10 cm 20 cm 30 cm 40 cm 50 cm Example 32 glass 1.63 1.42 0.211.148 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 33 epoxy resin 1.64 1.43 0.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 34 glass 1.63 1.42 0.21 1.148 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 35 epoxy resin1.64 1.43 0.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 36 glass 1.63 1.42 0.21 1.148 ◯ ◯◯ ◯ ◯ Example 37 epoxy resin 1.64 1.43 0.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 38glass 1.63 1.42 0.21 1.148 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 39 epoxy resin 1.64 1.430.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 40 glass 1.63 1.42 0.21 1.148 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 41 epoxy resin 1.64 1.43 0.21 1.147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

In the evaluation of transmission capability of an optical signal shownin Table 1 and Table 2, “∘” means that an optical signal could betransferred in all samples, “Δ” means that an optical signal could notbe transferred in some of the samples, and “×” means that an opticalsignal could be transferred in none of the samples.

As clear from the results in Table 1 and Table 2, it is presumed that,regardless of whether the optical path converting member is a glassmaterial or a resin material, as long as the refractive index ratio is1.06 or more, an optical signal can be transferred even if thetransmission distance between the light emitting element and the lightreceiving element is 10 cm or more, and when the refractive index ratiois 1.10 (refractive index difference of about 0.15) or more, an opticalsignal can be transferred even if the transmission distance between thelight emitting device and the light receiving device is 20 cm or more,or when the refractive index difference is 1.14 (refractive indexdifference of about 0.2) or more, an optical signal can be transferredeven if the transmission distance between the light emitting device andthe light receiving device is 40 cm or more.

Based on those results, it can be presumed that, even if thetransmission speed is faster (for example, 5 Gbps or 10 Gbps), or thetransmission distance of the optical waveguide is longer (for example,100 cm), it is possible to perform optical transmission as long as therefractive index ratio is 1.14 or more.

Moreover, in Example 1, when an optical path converting member ofintegral type as shown in FIGS. 5J-1 and 5J-2 was used as the opticalpath converting member in place of the optical path converting memberand the optical path member, the same results can presumably be obtainedabout the transmission capability of an optical signal.

Example 42

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 32, except that the optical path converting member wasmanufactured in the same method as process A of Example 32; the throughhole for an optical path penetrating entirely through the substrate, theinsulating layer and the solder resist layer was formed in the process D(5) of Example 32; and the optical path converting member was adhered byusing the following adhesive in the process (6). The optical element wasnot mounted.

The adhesive for fixing the optical path converting member used here wasan epoxy resin (refractive index: 1.55, 850 nm light transmittance:90%/mm, CTE: 72 ppm), with the viscosity adjusted to 200 to 1000 cps,and the adhesive was applied inside the through hole for an optical pathby using a syringe, and after mounting the optical path convertingmember, this was fixed by curing the adhesive in the condition of 120°C. for 1 hour and 150° C. for 2 hours.

After curing, the adhesive projecting from the through hole for anoptical path was ground with #3000 abrasive paper, and was furtherground with alumina particles of 0.05 μm so that the end portion of theoptical path for transmitting an optical signal was flattened.

The CTE of the optical path converting member disposed in this examplewas 12 ppm.

Examples 43 to 47

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 42, except that the adhesive was prepared by blendingspherical silica particles of a particle size distribution of 0.2 to 0.6μm (mixture of SO-E1 (particle size distribution of 0.2 to 0.4 μm) andSO-E2 (particle size distribution of 0.4 to 0.6 μm) manufactured byAdmatechs Co., Ltd.) by 5, 10, 20, 50, and 60% by weight. The CTE ofeach adhesive is as shown in Table 3.

Example 48

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 42, except that pulverized silica particles of a particlesize distribution of 1 to 20 μm were mixed to the adhesive by 20% byweight. The CTE of the adhesive is as shown in Table 3.

Example 49

In Example 42, aside from the adhesive prepared in Example 42, anotheradhesive in which pulverized silica particles of a particle sizedistribution of 1 to 20 μm were mixed to the adhesive by 40% by weightwas prepared.

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 42, except that the region of location of the lens and thereflection surface of the optical path converting member of the throughhole for an optical path was filled in with an adhesive not containingthe particles prepared in Example 42, and that the other region(including side surface of optical path converting member) was filled inwith an adhesive containing the particles mentioned above. The CTE ofeach adhesive is as shown in Table 3.

Example 50

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 42, except that the optical path converting member wasmanufactured in the following method.

The optical path converting member was manufactured in the same methodas process A of Example 18, by using thermosetting epoxy resin having atransmittance 93%/mm for light having a wavelength of 850 nm, arefractive index of 1.61, and a thermal deformation temperature of 50 to290° C. The CTE of this optical path converting member was 72 ppm.

Examples 51 to 55

A multilayer print circuit board was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 50, except that, in the Example 42, the adhesive was preparedby blending spherical silica particles of a particle size distributionof 0.2 to 0.6 μm (mixture of SO-E1 (particle size distribution of 0.2 to0.4 μm) and SO-E2 (particle size distribution of 0.4 to 0.6 μm)manufactured by Admatechs Co., Ltd.) by 5, 10, 20, 50, and 60% byweight. The CTE of each adhesive is as shown in Table 3.

In the multilayer print circuit boards manufactured in Examples 42 to55, the filling property of the adhesive, and presence or absence ofcracks in the adhesive after temperature cycle test were observed, andthe results are shown in Table 3.

Observation of the filling property of the adhesive was performed bycross-cutting the multilayer print circuit board and microscopicallyobserving the cut section.

Presence or absence of cracks was evaluated by repeating a cycle oftemperature cycle test of 3 minutes at −55° C. and 3 minutes at 125° C.for 250 cycles, 500 cycles and 1000 cycles, cross-cutting the multilayerprint circuit board after finishing each cycle, and microscopicallyobserving the cut section.

Here, three samples were used for each evaluation. When an unfilledportion or a crack was observed even in one sample, the evaluation wasjudged as “x.”

TABLE 3 Blending Transmittance ratio of of Filling particles adhesiveCTE property of Presence of cracks (% by weight) (%/mm) (ppm) adhesive250 cycle 500 cycle 1000 cycle Example 42 0 90 72 ◯ ◯ X X Example 43 584 63 ◯ ◯ X X Example 44 10 82 56 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 45 20 82 48 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯Example 46 50 81 41 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 47 60 78 35 X ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 48 20 6147 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 49 40 10 or 44 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ less Example 50 0 90 72 ◯ X XX Example 51 5 84 63 ◯ X X X Example 52 10 82 56 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 53 2082 48 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 54 50 81 41 ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Example 55 60 78 35 X ◯ ◯ ◯(Note) Properties of the adhesive in Example 49 are the properties of anadhesive containing particles.

As clearly shown by the results in Table 3, when particles were mixed tothe adhesive by 10 to 50% by weight (CTE 35 to 56 ppm), favorableresults were obtained in filling property and crack resistance. This ispresumably because the CTE with other component members of themultilayer print circuit board (substrate and optical path convertingmember) was 50 ppm or less.

It is presumed that, when the optical path converting member comprises aresin material (Examples 50 to 55), by using an adhesive of which CTE isabout middle of the optical path converting member and the substrate,favorable results may be obtained.

1. A device for optical communication comprising: a multilayer printcircuit board having a conductor circuit, an optical circuit and anoptical path for transmitting an optical signal; a package substratehaving an optical element and mounted on the multilayer print circuitboard; and an optical path converting member provided in said opticalpath and configured to transmit an optical signal between said opticalelement in said package substrate and said optical circuit in saidmultilayer print circuit board, said optical path converting membercomprising a lens and an optical path conversion mirror having anentrance surface, an exit surface and a reflection surface, said lensbeing provided over or inside at least one of said entrance surface,said exit surface and said optical path conversion mirror.
 2. The devicefor optical communication according to claim 1, wherein said lens andsaid optical path conversion mirror are formed integrally.
 3. The devicefor optical communication according to claim 1, further comprising ametal deposition layer formed on said reflection surface.
 4. The devicefor optical communication according to claim 1, wherein furthercomprising a flange member disposed at said optical path convertingmember.
 5. The device for optical communication according to claim 1,wherein said optical path comprises an adhesive which fixes said opticalpath converting member and which is transparent to transmission light,said optical path converting member comprises a glass material, and aratio of a refractive index of said optical path converting member and arefractive index of said adhesive is at least about 1.10 and at mostabout 1.35.
 6. The device for optical communication according to claim1, wherein said optical path comprises an adhesive which fixes saidoptical path converting member and which is transparent to transmissionlight, said optical path converting member comprises a resin material,and a ratio of a refractive index of said optical path converting memberand a refractive index of said adhesive is at least about 1.10 and atmost about 1.18.
 7. The device for optical communication according toclaim 1, wherein a transmittance for light having a communicationwavelength of said lens and said optical path conversion mirror is about60%/mm or more.
 8. The device for optical communication according toclaim 1, further comprising a plurality of particles mixed in said lensand said optical path conversion mirror.
 9. The device for opticalcommunication according to claim 8, wherein a diameter of said particlesis shorter than a communication wavelength, or at least about 0.01 μmand at most about 0.8 μm.
 10. The device for optical communicationaccording to claim 8, wherein a content of said particles is at leastabout 5% by weight and at most about 60% by weight.
 11. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein a refractive indexof said lens and a refractive index of said optical path conversionmirror are almost the same.
 12. The device for optical communicationaccording to claim 1, wherein said optical path converting member isfixed to said optical path for transmitting an optical signal with anadhesive.
 13. The device for optical communication according to claim12, wherein said optical path comprises an adhesive which fixes saidoptical path converting member and which is transparent to transmissionlight, and said adhesive comprises a resin having a thermosettingproperty and a photosensitivity as a resin composition.
 14. The devicefor optical communication according to claim 12, further comprising aplurality of particles mixed in said adhesive.
 15. The device foroptical communication according to claim 14, wherein a particle diameterof said particles is shorter than a communication wavelength, or atleast about 0.2 μm and at most about 50 μm.
 16. The device for opticalcommunication according to claim 14, wherein a content of said particlesis at least about 10% by weight and at most about 50% by weight.
 17. Thedevice for optical communication according to claim 1, wherein acoupling agent is applied or a plasma treatment is performed on thesurface of said optical path converting member.
 18. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein, in said opticalpath converting member, said lens is provided at the entrance surface orthe exit surface, on a side different from the side facing said opticalcircuit, and an optical path member having another lens provided so asto face said lens is provided.
 19. The device for optical communicationaccording to claim 1, wherein in said optical path converting member,said lens is provided at said entrance surface or said exit surface, onthe side facing said optical circuit.
 20. The device for opticalcommunication according to claim 1, wherein said optical path fortransmitting an optical signal is formed so as to penetrate through andextend from one surface of the multilayer print circuit board to anothersurface of the multilayer print circuit board.
 21. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein said optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal is formed so as to penetrate aportion of the multilayer print circuit board.
 22. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein said optical pathfor transmitting an optical signal has a collective through holestructure or an individual through hole structure.
 23. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein said optical circuitis an optical waveguide or an optical fiber sheet.
 24. The device foroptical communication according to claim 1, wherein said optical pathconverting member is fixed to said optical element, a sub-mountsubstrate mounting said optical element, or said package substratemounting said optical element.
 25. The device for optical communicationaccording to claim 18, wherein said optical path member is fixed to saidoptical element, a sub-mount substrate mounting said optical element, orsaid package substrate mounting said optical element.